kraken/stdlib/c_generator.krak

import io:*
import mem:*
import map:*
import stack:*
import string:*
import util:*
import tree:*
import symbol:*
import ast_nodes:*
// for error with syntax tree
import pass_common:*
import poset:*

fun code_triple(): code_triple return code_triple(string(), string(), string());
fun code_triple(only: *char): code_triple return code_triple(string(), string(only), string());
fun code_triple(only: string): code_triple return code_triple(string(), only, string());
fun code_triple(first: string, second: string, third: string): code_triple {
    var to_ret.construct(first, second, third): code_triple
    return to_ret
}
obj code_triple (Object) {
    var pre: string
    var value: string
    var post: string
    fun construct(first: string, second: string, third: string): *code_triple {
        pre.copy_construct(&first)
        value.copy_construct(&second)
        post.copy_construct(&third)
        return this
    }
    fun copy_construct(old: *code_triple) {
        pre.copy_construct(&old->pre)
        value.copy_construct(&old->value)
        post.copy_construct(&old->post)
    }
    fun operator=(other: code_triple) {
        destruct()
        copy_construct(&other)
    }
    fun destruct() {
        pre.destruct()
        value.destruct()
        post.destruct()
    }
    fun operator==(other: code_triple): bool return pre == other.pre && value == other.value && post == other.value;
    fun operator==(other: string): bool return (pre + value + post) == other;
    fun operator==(other: *char): bool return (pre + value + post) == other;
    fun operator!=(other: code_triple): bool return pre != other.pre || value != other.value || post != other.value;
    fun operator!=(other: string): bool return (pre + value + post) != other;
    fun operator!=(other: *char): bool return (pre + value + post) != other;
    fun operator+(other: code_triple): code_triple {
        return code_triple(pre+other.pre, value+other.value, other.post+post);
    }
    fun operator+(other: string): code_triple {
        return code_triple(pre, value+other, post);
    }
    fun operator+(other: *char): code_triple {
        return code_triple(pre, value + other, post);
    }
    fun operator+=(other: string) {
        value += other
    }
    fun operator+=(other: *char) {
        value += other
    }
    fun operator+=(other: code_triple) {
        pre += other.pre
        value += other.value
        post += other.post
    }
    fun one_string():string {
        return pre+value+post
    }
}
obj c_generator (Object) {
    var id_counter: int
    var ast_to_syntax: map<*ast_node, *tree<symbol>>
    var ast_name_map: map<*ast_node, string>
    var closure_struct_map: map<set<*ast_node>, string>
    var function_type_map: map<type, string>
    var function_typedef_string: string
    var closure_struct_definitions: string
    var c_keyword_avoid: set<string>
    var replacement_map: map<string, string>
    var longest_replacement: int
    var linker_string: string
    fun construct(): *c_generator {
        id_counter = 0
        ast_to_syntax.construct()
        ast_name_map.construct()
        closure_struct_map.construct()
        function_type_map.construct()
        function_typedef_string.construct()
        closure_struct_definitions.construct()
        linker_string.construct()
        c_keyword_avoid.construct()
        c_keyword_avoid.add(string("extern"))
        replacement_map.construct()
        // IMPORTANT
        longest_replacement = 3

     	replacement_map[string("+")] = string("plus")
        replacement_map[string("-")] = string("minus")
        replacement_map[string("*")] = string("star")
        replacement_map[string("/")] = string("div")
        replacement_map[string("%")] = string("mod")
        replacement_map[string("^")] = string("carat")
        replacement_map[string("&")] = string("amprsd")
        replacement_map[string("|")] = string("pipe")
        replacement_map[string("~")] = string("tilde")
        replacement_map[string("!")] = string("exlmtnpt")
        replacement_map[string(",")] = string("comma")
        replacement_map[string("=")] = string("eq")
        replacement_map[string("++")] = string("dbplus")
        replacement_map[string("--")] = string("dbminus")
        replacement_map[string("<<")] = string("dbleft")
        replacement_map[string(">>")] = string("dbright")
        replacement_map[string("::")] = string("scopeop")
        replacement_map[string(":")] = string("colon")
        replacement_map[string("==")] = string("dbq")
        replacement_map[string("!=")] = string("notequals")
        replacement_map[string("&&")] = string("doubleamprsnd")
        replacement_map[string("||")] = string("doublepipe")
        replacement_map[string("+=")] = string("plusequals")
        replacement_map[string("-=")] = string("minusequals")
        replacement_map[string("/=")] = string("divequals")
        replacement_map[string("%=")] = string("modequals")
        replacement_map[string("^=")] = string("caratequals")
        replacement_map[string("&=")] = string("amprsdequals")
        replacement_map[string("|=")] = string("pipeequals")
        replacement_map[string("*=")] = string("starequals")
        replacement_map[string("<<=")] = string("doublerightequals")
        replacement_map[string("<")] = string("lt")
        replacement_map[string(">")] = string("gt")
        replacement_map[string(">>=")] = string("doubleleftequals")
        replacement_map[string("(")] = string("openparen")
        replacement_map[string(")")] = string("closeparen")
        replacement_map[string("[")] = string("obk")
        replacement_map[string("]")] = string("cbk")
        replacement_map[string(" ")] = string("_")
        replacement_map[string(".")] = string("dot")
        replacement_map[string("->")] = string("arrow")

        return this
    }
    fun copy_construct(old: *c_generator) {
        id_counter = old->id_counter
        ast_to_syntax.copy_construct(&old->ast_to_syntax)
        ast_name_map.copy_construct(&old->ast_name_map)
        closure_struct_map.copy_construct(&old->closure_struct_map)
        function_type_map.copy_construct(&old->function_type_map)
        function_typedef_string.copy_construct(&old->function_typedef_string)
        closure_struct_definitions.copy_construct(&old->closure_struct_definitions)
        c_keyword_avoid.copy_construct(&old->c_keyword_avoid)
        replacement_map.copy_construct(&old->replacement_map)
        longest_replacement = old->longest_replacement
        linker_string.copy_construct(&old->linker_string)
    }
    fun operator=(other: ref c_generator) {
        destruct()
        copy_construct(&other)
    }
    fun destruct() {
        ast_to_syntax.destruct()
        ast_name_map.destruct()
        closure_struct_map.destruct()
        function_type_map.destruct()
        function_typedef_string.destruct()
        closure_struct_definitions.destruct()
        c_keyword_avoid.destruct()
        replacement_map.destruct()
        linker_string.destruct()
    }
    fun get_id(): string return to_string(id_counter++);
    fun generate_function_prototype_and_header(child: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, is_lambda: bool):pair<string,string> {
        var backing = child->function

        var parameter_types = string()
        var parameters = string()
        // lambdas can have the enclosing object too, if it's needed (lambda in a method)
        if (enclosing_object && !is_lambda) {
            parameter_types = type_to_c(enclosing_object->type_def.self_type) + "*"
            parameters = type_to_c(enclosing_object->type_def.self_type) + "* this"
        }
        if (backing.closed_variables.size()) {
            if (parameter_types != "") { parameter_types += ", "; parameters += ", ";}
            var closed_type_name = get_closure_struct_type(backing.closed_variables)
            parameter_types += closed_type_name + "*"
            parameters += closed_type_name + "* closure_data"
        }

        var decorated_name = string()
        if (backing.is_extern)
            decorated_name = backing.name
        else
            decorated_name = generate_function(child, enclosing_object, null<ast_node>(), false, false).one_string()
        backing.parameters.for_each(fun(parameter: *ast_node) {
            if (parameter_types != "") { parameter_types += ", "; parameters += ", ";}
            parameter_types += type_to_c(parameter->identifier.type)
            parameters += type_to_c(parameter->identifier.type) + " " + get_name(parameter)
        })
        if (backing.is_variadic) {
            parameter_types += ", ..."
            parameters += ", ..."
        }
        return make_pair(type_to_c(backing.type->return_type) + " " + decorated_name + "(" + parameter_types + ");\n",
                         type_to_c(backing.type->return_type) + " " + decorated_name + "(" + parameters + ")")
    }
    fun generate_c(name_ast_map: map<string, pair<*tree<symbol>,*ast_node>>, ast_to_syntax_in: map<*ast_node, *tree<symbol>> ): pair<string,string> {
        ast_to_syntax = ast_to_syntax_in
        var prequal: string = "#include <stdbool.h>\n"
        var plain_typedefs: string = "\n/**Plain Typedefs**/\n"
        var top_level_c_passthrough: string = ""
        var variable_extern_declarations: string = ""
        var structs: string = "\n/**Type Structs**/\n"
        function_typedef_string = "\n/**Typedefs**/\n"
        closure_struct_definitions = "\n/**Closure Struct Definitions**/\n"
        var function_prototypes: string = "\n/**Function Prototypes**/\n"
        var function_definitions: string = "\n/**Function Definitions**/\n"
        var variable_declarations: string = "\n/**Variable Declarations**/\n"

        // moved out from below so that it can be used for methods as well as regular functions (and eventually lambdas...)
        var generate_function_definition = fun(child: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, is_lambda: bool) {
            var backing = child->function
            // stack-stack thing // this could be a stack of strings too, maybe
            // start out with one stack on the stack
            var prototype_and_header = generate_function_prototype_and_header(child, enclosing_object, is_lambda)
            function_prototypes += prototype_and_header.first
            if (!backing.is_extern)
                function_definitions += prototype_and_header.second
            if (backing.body_statement) {
                function_definitions += string(" {\n") + generate_statement(backing.body_statement, enclosing_object, child).one_string()
                function_definitions += "}\n"
            } else if (!backing.is_extern) {
                error("Empty function statement and not extern - no ADTs anymore!")
            }
        }

        var type_poset = poset<*ast_node>()
        // iterate through asts
        name_ast_map.for_each(fun(name: string, tree_pair: pair<*tree<symbol>,*ast_node>) {
            // iterate through children for each ast
            // assert translation_unit?
            // do lambdas seperatly, so we can reconstitute the enclosing object if it has one
            tree_pair.second->translation_unit.lambdas.for_each(fun(child: *ast_node) {
                var enclosing_object_traverse = child
                while(enclosing_object_traverse && !is_type_def(enclosing_object_traverse) &&
                        get_ast_scope(enclosing_object_traverse) && get_ast_scope(enclosing_object_traverse)->contains_key(string("~enclosing_scope")))
                    enclosing_object_traverse = get_ast_scope(enclosing_object_traverse)->get(string("~enclosing_scope"))[0]
                if (enclosing_object_traverse && is_type_def(enclosing_object_traverse))
                    generate_function_definition(child, enclosing_object_traverse, true)
                else
                    generate_function_definition(child, null<ast_node>(), true)
            })
            tree_pair.second->translation_unit.children.for_each(fun(child: *ast_node) {
                match (*child) {
                    // should really check the genrator
                    ast_node::if_comp(backing) {
                        if (is_simple_passthrough(backing.statement->statement.child))
                            top_level_c_passthrough += generate_simple_passthrough(backing.statement->statement.child, true)
                    }
                    ast_node::simple_passthrough(backing) top_level_c_passthrough += generate_simple_passthrough(child, true)
                    ast_node::declaration_statement(backing) variable_declarations += generate_declaration_statement(child, null<ast_node>(), null<ast_node>(), false).one_string() + ";\n" // false - don't do defer
                    // shouldn't need to do anything with return, as the intrinsic should be something like link
                    ast_node::compiler_intrinsic(backing) generate_compiler_intrinsic(child)
                    ast_node::function(backing) {
                        // check for and add to parameters if a closure
                        generate_function_definition(child, null<ast_node>(), false)
                    }
                    ast_node::template(backing) {
                        backing.instantiated.for_each(fun(node: *ast_node) {
                            match (*node) {
                                ast_node::function(backing) generate_function_definition(node, null<ast_node>(), false)
                                ast_node::type_def(backing) {
                                    type_poset.add_vertex(node)
                                    backing.variables.for_each(fun(i: *ast_node) {
                                        var var_type = get_ast_type(i->declaration_statement.identifier)
                                        if (!var_type->indirection && var_type->type_def)
                                            type_poset.add_relationship(node, var_type->type_def)
                                    })
                                }
                            }
                        })
                    }
                    ast_node::type_def(backing) {
                        type_poset.add_vertex(child)
                        backing.variables.for_each(fun(i: *ast_node) {
                            var var_type = get_ast_type(i->declaration_statement.identifier)
                            if (!var_type->indirection && var_type->type_def)
                                type_poset.add_relationship(child, var_type->type_def)
                        })
                    }
                    ast_node::adt_def(backing) {
                        error("ADT remaining!")
                    }
                }
            })
        })
        type_poset.get_sorted().for_each(fun(vert: *ast_node) {
            var base_name = get_name(vert)
            plain_typedefs += string("typedef ")
            if (is_type_def(vert) && vert->type_def.is_union) {
                plain_typedefs += "union "
                structs += "union "
            } else {
                plain_typedefs += "struct "
                structs += "struct "
            }
            plain_typedefs += base_name + "_dummy " + base_name + ";\n"
            structs += base_name + "_dummy {\n"
            if (is_type_def(vert)) {
                vert->type_def.variables.for_each(fun(variable_declaration: *ast_node) structs += generate_declaration_statement(variable_declaration, null<ast_node>(), null<ast_node>(), false).one_string() + ";\n";) // also no defer stack
                // generate the methods (note some of these may be templates)
                vert->type_def.methods.for_each(fun(method: *ast_node) {
                    if (is_template(method))
                        method->template.instantiated.for_each(fun(m: *ast_node) generate_function_definition(m, vert, false);)
                    else
                        generate_function_definition(method, vert, false);
                })
            } else {
              error("no adt, but how did we get this far?")
            }
            structs += "};\n"
        })

        return make_pair(prequal+plain_typedefs+function_typedef_string+top_level_c_passthrough+variable_extern_declarations+structs+closure_struct_definitions+function_prototypes+variable_declarations+function_definitions + "\n", linker_string)
    }
    fun get_closure_struct_type(closed_variables: set<*ast_node>): string {
        if (!closure_struct_map.contains_key(closed_variables)) {
            var closure_name = string("closure_data_type") + get_id()
            closure_struct_definitions += "typedef struct {\n"
            // note that we keep our is_ref, which would not normally happen on a clone with increased indirection
            // closed_variables.for_each(fun(i: *ast_node) closure_struct_definitions += type_to_c(i->identifier.type->clone_with_increased_indirection(1,i->identifier.type->is_ref)) +
            // NO, now we don't keep our ref. Too hard to make, as &(&*i) isn't legal C
            closed_variables.for_each(fun(i: *ast_node) closure_struct_definitions += type_to_c(i->identifier.type->clone_with_increased_indirection()) +
                                             " " + get_name(i) + ";\n";)
            closure_struct_definitions += string("} ") + closure_name + ";\n"
            closure_struct_map[closed_variables] = closure_name
        }
        return closure_struct_map[closed_variables]
    }
    fun generate_if_comp(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        if (node->if_comp.wanted_generator == "__C__")
            return generate(node->if_comp.statement, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
        return code_triple()
    }
    fun generate_simple_passthrough(node: *ast_node, is_top_level: bool): string {
        // deal with all the passthrough params
        var result = string()
        var pre = string()
        var post = string()
        if (node->simple_passthrough.linker_str != "")
            linker_string += node->simple_passthrough.linker_str + " "
        node->simple_passthrough.in_params.for_each(fun(i: pair<*ast_node, string>) {
            var wanted_name = i.second
            var current_name = generate_identifier(i.first, null<ast_node>(), null<ast_node>()).one_string()
            if (wanted_name != current_name)
                result += type_to_c(i.first->identifier.type) + " " + wanted_name + " = " + current_name + ";\n"
        })
        result += node->simple_passthrough.passthrough_str
        node->simple_passthrough.out_params.for_each(fun(i: pair<*ast_node, string>) {
            var temp_name = string("out_temp") + get_id()
            pre += type_to_c(i.first->identifier.type) + " " + temp_name + ";\n"
            result += temp_name + " = " + i.second + ";\n"
            post += generate_identifier(i.first, null<ast_node>(), null<ast_node>()).one_string() + " = " + temp_name + ";\n"
        })
        if (is_top_level)
            return pre + result + post
        return pre + "{" + result + "}" + post
    }
    fun generate_statement(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple return generate(node->statement.child, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + ";\n";
    fun generate_declaration_statement(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node, add_to_defer: bool): code_triple {
        var identifier = node->declaration_statement.identifier
        var ident_type = identifier->identifier.type
        // we do the declaration in the pre now so that we can take it's address to close over it for things like recursive closures
        // we only make it first if it's a function type though, so that global levels still work
        var pre_stuff = type_to_c(identifier->identifier.type) + " " + get_name(identifier)
        if (node->declaration_statement.is_extern)
            pre_stuff = string("extern ") + pre_stuff
        var to_ret = code_triple(pre_stuff, string(), string())
        if (node->declaration_statement.expression) {
            if (ident_type->is_function()) {
                to_ret.pre += string(";\n")
                to_ret += code_triple() + get_name(identifier) + " = " + generate(node->declaration_statement.expression, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
            } else {
                // some shifting around to get it to work in all cases
                // what cases?
                to_ret.value = to_ret.pre
                to_ret.pre = ""
                to_ret += code_triple() + string(" = ") + generate(node->declaration_statement.expression, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
            }
        }
        if (node->declaration_statement.init_method_call) {
           to_ret.pre += ";\n"
           to_ret += code_triple() + generate(node->declaration_statement.init_method_call, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
        }
        return to_ret
    }
    fun generate_assignment_statement(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        return generate(node->assignment_statement.to, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + " = " + generate(node->assignment_statement.from, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
    }
    fun generate_if_statement(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        var if_str = code_triple("if (") + generate(node->if_statement.condition, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + ") {\n" + generate(node->if_statement.then_part, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false).one_string() + "}"
        if (node->if_statement.else_part)
            if_str += code_triple(" else {\n") + generate(node->if_statement.else_part, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false).one_string() + "}"
        return if_str + "\n"
    }
    fun generate_while_loop(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        var to_ret = code_triple("while (" + generate(node->while_loop.condition, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false).one_string() + ")\n"
                + generate(node->while_loop.statement, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false).one_string())
        return to_ret
    }
    fun generate_for_loop(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        // gotta take off last semicolon
        var init = code_triple(";")
        if (node->for_loop.init)
            init = generate(node->for_loop.init, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
        var cond = code_triple(";")
        if (node->for_loop.condition)
            cond = generate(node->for_loop.condition, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
        var update = code_triple()
        if (node->for_loop.update)
            update = generate(node->for_loop.update, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
        var to_ret = string("for (") + init.one_string() + cond.one_string() + "; " + update.one_string().slice(0,-2) + ")\n" +
            generate(node->for_loop.body, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false).one_string()
        return code_triple(to_ret)
    }
    fun generate_identifier(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        var pre = string()
        var post = string()
        // note that we get rid of references on closing over, (or maybe everything's kind of a reference)
        // so we do else if here
        if (enclosing_func && enclosing_func->function.closed_variables.contains(node))
            return code_triple(pre + string("(*(closure_data->") + get_name(node) + "))" + post)
        else if (get_ast_type(node)->is_ref) {
           pre += "(*"
           post += ")"
        }
        if (enclosing_object && get_ast_scope(enclosing_object)->contains_key(node->identifier.name) && get_ast_scope(enclosing_object)->get(node->identifier.name).contains(node))
            return code_triple(pre + "(this->" + get_name(node) + ")" + post)
        return  code_triple(pre + get_name(node) + post)
    }
    fun generate_return_statement(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        var return_value = node->return_statement.return_value
        var function_return_type = get_ast_type(enclosing_func)->return_type
        var to_ret = code_triple()

        if (!function_return_type->is_void() && !function_return_type->equality(get_ast_type(return_value), false))
            error(ast_to_syntax[node], "return value type does not match function return type")

        to_ret += "return"
        var refamp = string()
        if (function_return_type->is_ref)
           refamp = "&"
        if (return_value)
            to_ret += code_triple(" ") + refamp + generate(return_value, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
        return to_ret
    }
    fun generate_branching_statement(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        match(node->branching_statement.b_type) {
            branching_type::break_stmt() return code_triple("break")
            branching_type::continue_stmt() return code_triple("continue")
        }
    }
    fun generate_defer_statement(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        error("Unremoved defer!")
    }
    fun generate_match_statement(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        error("remaining match")
        var to_ret = code_triple("/* begin match */")
        return to_ret
    }
    fun generate_cast(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        return code_triple("((") + type_to_c(node->cast.to_type) + ")(" + generate(node->cast.value, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + "))"
    }
    fun generate_value(node: *ast_node, need_variable: bool): code_triple {
        var value = node->value.string_value
        var to_ret = string()
        if (value[0] != '"') {
            to_ret = value;
        } else {
            to_ret = string("\"")
            var triple_quoted = value.slice(0,3) == "\"\"\""
            if (triple_quoted)
                value = value.slice(3,-4)
            else
                value = value.slice(1,-2)
            value.for_each(fun(c: char) {
                if (c == '\n')
                    to_ret += "\\n"
                else if (c == '"' && triple_quoted)
                    to_ret += "\\\""
                else
                    to_ret += c
            })
            to_ret += "\""
        }
        if (need_variable) {
            var temp_ident = ast_identifier_ptr(string("temporary_value")+get_id(), get_ast_type(node), null<ast_node>())
            var declaration = ast_declaration_statement_ptr(temp_ident, null<ast_node>(), false)
            // have to pass false to the declaration generator, so can't do it through generate_statement
            var trip_ret = code_triple()
            trip_ret.pre += generate_declaration_statement(declaration, null<ast_node>(), null<ast_node>(), false).one_string() + " = " + to_ret + ";\n"
            trip_ret.value = generate_identifier(temp_ident, null<ast_node>(), null<ast_node>()).one_string()
            return trip_ret
        }
        return code_triple(to_ret)
    }
    fun generate_code_block(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node): code_triple {
        var to_ret = code_triple("{\n")
        node->code_block.children.for_each(fun(child: *ast_node) to_ret += generate(child, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false).one_string();)
        return to_ret + "}"
    }
    // this generates the function as a value, not the actual function
    fun generate_function(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node, as_value: bool, need_variable: bool): code_triple {
        if (as_value) {
           var closed_vars = node->function.closed_variables
           if (closed_vars.size() == 0)
                return code_triple(string("((") + type_to_c(node->function.type) + "){(void*)0,(void*)" + get_name(node) + "})")
            var temp_closure_struct = string("closure_struct_temp") + get_id()
            var to_ret = code_triple()
            var closure_type_str = get_closure_struct_type(closed_vars)
            to_ret.pre += closure_type_str + " " + temp_closure_struct + " = (" + closure_type_str + "){"
            closed_vars.for_each(fun(i: *ast_node) {
                // note that we get/have gotten rid of refs here, or maybe more accurately, everything is a ref
                // should be a variable anyway?
                to_ret.pre += string(".") + get_name(i) + "=(void*)&" + generate(i, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, true).one_string() + ","
            })
            to_ret.pre += "};\n"
            return to_ret + string("((") + type_to_c(node->function.type) + "){(void*)&" + temp_closure_struct + ",(void*)" + get_name(node) + "})"
        }
        return code_triple(get_name(node))
    }
    fun generate_function_call(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node, need_variable: bool): code_triple {
        var func_name = string()
        var call_string = code_triple()
        var func_return_type = get_ast_type(node)

        // handle the obj.method() style of method call
        // Note that this function may not be 100% reliable
        // There may be a problem around detecting properly
        // inside of lambdas. Gotta move it out so the interpreter
        // can use it too, though.
        var dot_style_method_call = is_dot_style_method_call(node)

        if (dot_style_method_call) {
            func_name = generate_function(node->function_call.func->function_call.parameters[1], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false, false).one_string()
            // don't add & if it was ->
            if (node->function_call.func->function_call.func->function.name == ".")
                call_string += "&"
            // having a null defer stack should be ok, as the only things we should get through here are identifiers and function calls
            // XXX should it? wouldn't function calls be a problem?

            // should this be true if ref?
            call_string += generate(node->function_call.func->function_call.parameters[0], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, true)
        } else if (is_identifier(node->function_call.func) || is_function(node->function_call.func)) {
            // we handle the case when it's not this later, i.e. it's a lambda returned from another function or something
            func_name = generate_function(node->function_call.func, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false, false).one_string()
        }
        // handle method call from inside method of same object
        if (!dot_style_method_call && enclosing_object) {
            if (method_in_object(node->function_call.func, enclosing_object)) {
                if (enclosing_func && enclosing_func->function.closed_variables.size())
                    call_string += "(*(closure_data->this))";
                else
                    call_string += "this";
            }
        }

        var parameters = node->function_call.parameters
        if ( parameters.size == 2 && (func_name == "+" || func_name == "-" || func_name == "*" || func_name == "/"
            || func_name == "<" || func_name == ">" || func_name == "<=" || func_name == ">="
            || func_name == "==" || func_name == "!=" || func_name == "%" || func_name == "^"
            || func_name == "|" || func_name == "&"
        ))
            return code_triple("(") + generate(parameters[0], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + func_name + generate(parameters[1], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + string(")")
        if ( parameters.size == 2 && (func_name == "||" || func_name == "&&")) {
            error("Remaining || or &&")
        }
        // don't propegate enclosing function down right of access
        // XXX what about enclosing object? should it be the thing on the left?
        if (func_name == "." || func_name == "->") {
            return code_triple("(") + generate(parameters[0], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + func_name + generate(parameters[1], null<ast_node>(), null<ast_node>(), false) + string(")")
        }
        if (func_name == "[]")
            return code_triple("(") + generate(parameters[0], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + "[" + generate(parameters[1], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + string("])")
        // the post ones need to be post-ed specifically, and take the p off
        if (func_name == "++p" || func_name == "--p")
            return code_triple("(") + generate(parameters[0], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false) + ")" + func_name.slice(0,-2)

        // So we don't end up copy_constructing etc, we just handle the unary operators right here
        // note also the passing down need_variable for &
        if (func_name == "*" || func_name == "&")
            return code_triple("(") + func_name + generate(parameters[0], enclosing_object, enclosing_func, func_name == "&") + ")"

        // for checking if we pass in a ref
        var func_type = get_ast_type(node->function_call.func)
        // regular parameter generation
        // parameters.for_each(fun(param: *ast_node) {
        for (var i = 0; i < parameters.size; i++;) {
            var param = parameters[i]
            var in_function_param_type = null<type>()
            // grab type from param itself if we're out of param types (because variadic function)
            if (i < func_type->parameter_types.size)
                in_function_param_type = func_type->parameter_types[i]
            else
                in_function_param_type = get_ast_type(param)->clone_without_ref()
            if (call_string != "")
                call_string += ", "

            if (in_function_param_type->is_ref)
               call_string += "&"

            var param_type = get_ast_type(param)
            call_string += generate(param, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, in_function_param_type->is_ref)
        }
        var pre_call = string()
        // temporary returns if we're asked for them or we need them for destruct
        if (!func_return_type->is_ref && !func_return_type->is_void() && need_variable) {
            // kind of ugly combo here of
            var temp_ident = ast_identifier_ptr(string("temporary_return")+get_id(), func_return_type, null<ast_node>())
            var declaration = ast_declaration_statement_ptr(temp_ident, null<ast_node>(), false)
            // have to pass false to the declaration generator, so can't do it through generate_statement
            call_string.pre += generate_declaration_statement(declaration, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false).one_string() + ";\n"
            pre_call = generate_identifier(temp_ident, enclosing_object, enclosing_func).one_string()
        }
        var ref_pre = string()
        var ref_post = string()
        if (func_return_type->is_ref) {
           ref_pre += "(*"
           ref_post += ")"
        }
        if (!is_function(node->function_call.func) || node->function_call.func->function.closed_variables.size()) {
            // not function, so we must be an identifier or function call return or something
            if (!dot_style_method_call) {
                // lambda
                if (pre_call == "" && (!func_return_type->is_void() || func_return_type->indirection)) {
                    var temp_ident = ast_identifier_ptr(string("temporary_return")+get_id(), func_return_type, null<ast_node>())
                    var declaration = ast_declaration_statement_ptr(temp_ident, null<ast_node>(), false)
                    // have to pass false to the declaration generator, so can't do it through generate_statement
                    call_string.pre += generate_declaration_statement(declaration, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false).one_string() + ";\n"
                    pre_call = generate_identifier(temp_ident, enclosing_object, enclosing_func).one_string()
                }
                var name_temp = generate(node->function_call.func, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, false)
                call_string.pre += name_temp.pre
                call_string.post += name_temp.post
                func_name = name_temp.value
                // should not have return var because is void
                if (pre_call == "") {
                    var func_type = get_ast_type(node->function_call.func)
                    call_string.pre += string("if (")+func_name+".data) ((" + type_to_c(func_type) + "_with_data) "+func_name+".func)("+func_name +".data"
                    if (call_string.value != "")
                       call_string.pre += string(",") + call_string.value
                    call_string.pre += ");\n"
                    call_string.pre += string("else ((") + type_to_c(func_type) + "_without_data) " + func_name+".func)(" + call_string.value + ");\n"
                    call_string.value = ""
                } else {
                    var func_type = get_ast_type(node->function_call.func)
                    call_string.pre += string("if (")+func_name+".data) " + pre_call + " = ((" + type_to_c(func_type) + "_with_data) "+func_name+".func)("+func_name +".data"
                    if (call_string.value != "")
                       call_string.pre += string(",") + call_string.value
                    call_string.pre += ");\n"
                    call_string.pre += string("else ") + pre_call + " = ((" + type_to_c(func_type) + "_without_data) " + func_name+".func)(" + call_string.value + ");\n"
                    call_string.value = pre_call
                }
                call_string.value = ref_pre + call_string.value + ref_post
                return call_string
            }
        }
        if (pre_call != "") {
            call_string.pre += pre_call + " = " + func_name + "(" + call_string.value + ");"
            call_string.value = pre_call
        } else {
            call_string.value = func_name + "(" + call_string.value + ")"
        }
        call_string.value = ref_pre + call_string.value + ref_post
        return call_string
    }
    fun generate_compiler_intrinsic(node: *ast_node): code_triple {
        if (node->compiler_intrinsic.intrinsic == "sizeof") {
            if (node->compiler_intrinsic.parameters.size || node->compiler_intrinsic.type_parameters.size != 1)
                error("wrong parameters to sizeof compiler intrinsic")
            return code_triple("sizeof(") + type_to_c(node->compiler_intrinsic.type_parameters[0]) + ")"
        } else if (node->compiler_intrinsic.intrinsic == "link") {
            node->compiler_intrinsic.parameters.for_each(fun(str: string) {
                linker_string += string("-l") + str + " "
            })
            return code_triple()
        }
        error(node->compiler_intrinsic.intrinsic + ": unknown intrinsic")
        return code_triple("ERROR")
    }

    // for now, anyway
    fun generate(node: *ast_node, enclosing_object: *ast_node, enclosing_func: *ast_node, need_variable: bool): code_triple {
        if (!node) return code_triple("/*NULL*/")
        match (*node) {
            ast_node::if_comp(backing) return generate_if_comp(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::simple_passthrough(backing) return code_triple() + generate_simple_passthrough(node, false)
            ast_node::statement(backing) return generate_statement(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::declaration_statement(backing) return generate_declaration_statement(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, true)
            ast_node::assignment_statement(backing) return generate_assignment_statement(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::if_statement(backing) return generate_if_statement(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::while_loop(backing) return generate_while_loop(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::for_loop(backing) return generate_for_loop(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::function(backing) return generate_function(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, true, need_variable)
            ast_node::function_call(backing) return generate_function_call(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func, need_variable)
            ast_node::compiler_intrinsic(backing) return generate_compiler_intrinsic(node)
            ast_node::code_block(backing) return generate_code_block(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::return_statement(backing) return generate_return_statement(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::branching_statement(backing) return generate_branching_statement(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::defer_statement(backing) return generate_defer_statement(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::match_statement(backing) return generate_match_statement(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::cast(backing) return generate_cast(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
            ast_node::value(backing) return generate_value(node, need_variable)
            ast_node::identifier(backing) return generate_identifier(node, enclosing_object, enclosing_func)
        }
        error(string("COULD NOT GENERATE ") + get_ast_name(node))
        return code_triple("/* COULD NOT GENERATE */")
    }
    fun type_decoration(type: *type): string {
        var indirection = string()
        if (type->is_ref) indirection += "ref_"
        for (var i = 0; i < type->indirection; i++;) indirection += "p"
        if (type->indirection) indirection += "_"
        match (type->base) {
            base_type::none() return indirection + string("none")
            base_type::template() return indirection + string("template")
            base_type::template_type() return indirection + string("template_type")
            base_type::void_return() return indirection + string("void")
            base_type::boolean() return indirection + string("bool")
            base_type::character() return indirection + string("char")
            base_type::ucharacter() return indirection + string("uchar")
            base_type::short_int() return indirection + string("short")
            base_type::ushort_int() return indirection + string("ushort")
            base_type::integer() return indirection + string("int")
            base_type::uinteger() return indirection + string("uint")
            base_type::long_int() return indirection + string("long")
            base_type::ulong_int() return indirection + string("ulong")
            base_type::floating() return indirection + string("float")
            base_type::double_precision() return indirection + string("double")
            base_type::object() return cify_name(type->type_def->type_def.name)
            base_type::function() {
                var temp = indirection + string("function_")
                type->parameter_types.for_each(fun(parameter_type: *type) temp += type_decoration(parameter_type) + "_";)
                return indirection + temp + "_" + type_decoration(type->return_type)
            }
        }
        return string("impossible type") + indirection
    }
    fun type_to_c(type: *type): string {
        var indirection = string()
        if (type->is_ref) indirection += "/*ref*/ *"
        for (var i = 0; i < type->indirection; i++;) indirection += "*"
        match (type->base) {
            base_type::none() return string("none") + indirection
            base_type::template() return string("template") + indirection
            base_type::template_type() return string("template_type") + indirection
            base_type::void_return() return string("void") + indirection
            base_type::boolean() return string("bool") + indirection
            base_type::character() return string("char") + indirection
            base_type::ucharacter() return string("unsigned char") + indirection
            base_type::short_int() return string("short") + indirection
            base_type::ushort_int() return string("unsigned short") + indirection
            base_type::integer() return string("int") + indirection
            base_type::uinteger() return string("unsigned int") + indirection
            base_type::long_int() return string("long") + indirection
            base_type::ulong_int() return string("unsigned long") + indirection
            base_type::floating() return string("float") + indirection
            base_type::double_precision() return string("double") + indirection
            base_type::object() return get_name(type->type_def) + indirection
            base_type::function() {
                // maybe disregard indirection in the future?
                type = type->clone_with_indirection(0,false)
                if (!function_type_map.contains_key(*type)) {
                    var temp_name = string("function_struct") + get_id()
                    var temp = string()
                    type->parameter_types.for_each(fun(parameter_type: *type) temp += string(", ") + type_to_c(parameter_type) + " ";)
                    var with_data = string("typedef ") + type_to_c(type->return_type) + " (*" + temp_name + "_with_data)(void*" + temp + ");\n"
                    var without_data = string("typedef ") + type_to_c(type->return_type) + " (*" + temp_name + "_without_data)(" + temp.slice(1,-1) + ");\n"
                    function_typedef_string += with_data
                    function_typedef_string += without_data
                    function_typedef_string += string("typedef struct {\nvoid* data;\n") + temp_name  + "_with_data func;\n} " + temp_name + ";\n"
                    function_typedef_string += string("/* ") + type->to_string() + " */\n"
                    // again, the indirection
                    function_type_map[*type] = temp_name
                }
                return function_type_map[*type] + indirection
            }
        }
        return string("impossible type") + indirection
    }
    fun get_name(node: *ast_node): string {
        var maybe_it = ast_name_map.get_ptr_or_null(node);
        if (maybe_it)
            return *maybe_it
        var result = string("impossible name")
        var make_unique = true
        match (*node) {
            ast_node::type_def(backing) {
                var upper = backing.scope[string("~enclosing_scope")][0]
                result = cify_name(backing.name)
                if (is_template(upper))
                    upper->template.instantiated_map.reverse_get(node).for_each(fun(t: ref type) result += string("_") + type_decoration(&t);)
            }
            ast_node::adt_def(backing) {
                error("shouldn't have adt")
            }
            ast_node::function(backing) {
                // be careful, operators like . come through this, but so do adt constructor funcs
                if ((backing.name == "main") || backing.is_extern || (!backing.body_statement && !backing.scope.contains_key(string("~enclosing_scope")))) {
                    result = backing.name
                    make_unique = false
                } else {
                    result = "fun_"
                    var upper = backing.scope.get_with_default(string("~enclosing_scope"), vector(null<ast_node>()))[0]
                    if (upper && is_type_def(upper))
                        result += get_name(upper) + "_"
                    result += cify_name(node->function.name)
                    node->function.parameters.for_each(fun(param: *ast_node) result += string("_") + type_decoration(param->identifier.type);)
                }
            }
            ast_node::identifier(backing) {
                if (backing.name == "this")
                    make_unique = false
                result = backing.name
            }
        }
        if (result == "impossible name")
            error("HUGE PROBLEMS")
        // TODO keyword avoid seems not to work
        if (make_unique && (ast_name_map.contains_value(result) || c_keyword_avoid.contains(result)))
            result += get_id()
        ast_name_map.set(node, result)
        return result
    }
    fun cify_name(name: string): string {
        var to_ret = string()
        for (var i = 0; i < name.length(); i++;) {
            var replaced = false
            for (var j = longest_replacement; j > 0; j--;) {
                if (i + j <= name.length() && replacement_map.contains_key(name.slice(i,i+j))) {
                   to_ret += replacement_map[name.slice(i,i+j)]
                   replaced = true
                   i += j-1;
                   break
                }
            }
            if (!replaced)
               to_ret += name[i]
        }
        return to_ret
    }
}