kraken/k_prime.krak

import mem:*
import io:*
import str:*
import vec:*
import vec_literals:*
import util:*
import map:*
import rc:*

import fungll:*

adt MalValue_int {
    True,                                   //      1 11 1 0
    False,                                  //      0 11 1 0
    Function: MalFunction,                  //        10 1 0
    BuiltinFunction: MalBuiltinFunction,    //        '' ' '
    String: str,                            //        01 1 0
    Symbol: str,                            //        00 1 0
    Int: int,                               //           0 0

    Vector: rc<vec<MalValue>>,              //<10sizebits> 1
    // same encoding, but encodes 0-length null ptr
    Nil                                     // 00000000000 1
}
fun nmMV(i: ref MalValue_int): MalValue {
    var to_ret.construct(i, null<MalValue>()): MalValue
    return to_ret
}
fun malTrue(): MalValue {
    return nmMV(MalValue_int::True())
}
fun malFalse(): MalValue {
    return nmMV(MalValue_int::False())
}
fun bool_to_MalValue(b: bool): MalValue {
    if b {
        return nmMV(MalValue_int::True())
    } else {
        return nmMV(MalValue_int::False())
    }
}
fun malString(s: ref str): MalValue {
    return nmMV(MalValue_int::String(s))
}
fun malSymbol(s: ref str): MalValue {
    return nmMV(MalValue_int::Symbol(s))
}
fun malInt(i: int): MalValue {
    return nmMV(MalValue_int::Int(i))
}
fun malVector(v: ref vec<MalValue>): MalValue {
    var rcd.construct(v): rc<vec<MalValue>>
    return nmMV(MalValue_int::Vector(rcd))
}
fun malNil(): MalValue {
    return nmMV(MalValue_int::Nil())
}
obj MalValue (Object) {
    var internal: MalValue_int
    var meta: *MalValue

    fun construct(): *MalValue {
        internal.copy_construct(&MalValue_int::Nil());
        meta = null<MalValue>()
    }
    fun construct(i: ref MalValue_int, m: *MalValue): *MalValue {
        internal.copy_construct(&i);
        meta = m
    }
    fun copy_construct(other: *MalValue): void {
        internal.copy_construct(&other->internal);
        /*meta = other->meta*/
        if other->meta != null<MalValue>() {
            meta = new<MalValue>()
            meta->copy_construct(other->meta)
        } else {
            meta = null<MalValue>()
        }
    }
    fun operator=(other: ref MalValue): void {
        destruct()
        copy_construct(&other)
    }
    fun destruct(): void {
        if meta != null<MalValue>()
            delete(meta)
        internal.destruct()
    }
    fun equals(other: ref MalValue): bool {
        match (internal) {
           MalValue_int::Vector(d) { match (other.internal) {
                MalValue_int::Vector(db) {
                    if d.get().size != db.get().size {
                        return false
                    }
                    for (var i = 0; i < d.get().size; i++;) {
                        if !d.get()[i].equals(db.get()[i]) {
                            return false
                        }
                    }
                    return true
               }
           } }
           MalValue_int::String(d)  { match (other.internal) { MalValue_int::String(db) { return d == db; } } }
           MalValue_int::Int(d)     { match (other.internal) { MalValue_int::Int(db) { return d == db; } } }
           MalValue_int::Symbol(d)  { match (other.internal) { MalValue_int::Symbol(db) { return d == db; } } }
           MalValue_int::Function(d){ match (other.internal) { MalValue_int::Function(db) { return d == db; } } }
           MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(d) { match (other.internal) { MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(db) { return d == db; } } }
           MalValue_int::True()     { match (other.internal) { MalValue_int::True() { return true; } } }
           MalValue_int::False()    { match (other.internal) { MalValue_int::False() { return true; } } }
           MalValue_int::Nil()      { match (other.internal) { MalValue_int::Nil() { return true; } } }
        }
        return false
    }
    fun deep_clone(): MalValue {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Vector(v) {
                return malVector(v.get())
            }
        }
        return *this
    }
    fun is_function(): bool {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Function(f) {
                return true
            }
            MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(f) {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
    fun is_vector(): bool {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Vector(v) {
                return true
            }
            /*MalValue_int::Nil() {*/
                /*return true*/
            /*}*/
        }
        return false
    }
    fun get_vector_rc(): rc<vec<MalValue>> {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Vector(v) {
                return v
            }
        }
        error("Tried to get vec on not a vec" + pr_str(*this, true))
    }
    fun is_symbol(): bool {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Symbol(s) {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
    fun is_symbol(text: *char): bool {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Symbol(s) {
                return s == text
            }
        }
        return false
    }
    fun get_symbol_text(): str {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Symbol(s) {
                return s
            }
        }
        error("get_symbol_text on not symbol")
    }
    fun is_string(): bool {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::String(s) {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
    fun get_string(): str {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::String(s) {
                return s
            }
        }
        error("get_string on not a string")
    }
    fun is_int(): bool {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Int(i) {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
    fun get_int(): int {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Int(i) {
                return i
            }
        }
        error("get_int on not an int")
    }
    fun is_nil(): bool {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::Nil() {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
    fun is_truthy(): bool {
        match (internal) {
            MalValue_int::False() {
                return false
            }
            MalValue_int::Nil() {
                return false
            }
        }
        return true
    }
    fun is_pair(): bool {
        return is_vector() && get_vector_rc().get().size > 0
    }
}

fun read_str(grammer: ref Grammer<MalResult,MalValue>, s: str): pair<int, MalResult> {
    var BSR = fungll(grammer, grammer.start_symbol, s)
    var longest = -1
    for (var i = 0; i < BSR.data.size; i++;) {
        if BSR.data[i].nonterminal == grammer.start_symbol && BSR.data[i].left == 0 && BSR.data[i].idx_into_rule == grammer.nonterminals[(-1*BSR.data[i].nonterminal)-1][BSR.data[i].rule_idx].size {
            longest = BSR.data[i].right
        }
    }
    if longest >= 0 {
        return make_pair(longest, grammer.eval_BSR(s.slice(0, longest), BSR))
    } else {
        println("trying to parse: " + s)
        println(str("length of BSR is: ") + BSR.size())
        for (var i = 0; i < BSR.data.size; i++;) {
            println(str() + i + ": " + grammer.to_string(BSR.data[i]))
        }
        println("Parse failed")
        return make_pair(-1, MalResult::Err(malString(str("failed to parse"))))
    }
}

fun is_macro_call(ast: MalValue, env: *Env): bool {
    if !ast.is_vector() {
        return false
    }
    var l = ast.get_vector_rc()
    if l.get().size == 0 || !l.get()[0].is_symbol() {
        return false
    }
    var res = env->get(l.get()[0].get_symbol_text())
    if is_err(res) {
        return false
    }
    var v = get_value(res)
    match (v.internal) {
        MalValue_int::Function(f) {
            return f.is_macro
        }
    }
    return false
}

fun macroexpand(ast: MalValue, env: *Env): MalResult {
    while is_macro_call(ast, env) {
        var l = ast.get_vector_rc()
        var v = get_value(env->get(l.get()[0].get_symbol_text()))
        match (v.internal) {
            MalValue_int::Function(f) {
                var params = l.get().slice(1,-1)
                if (!f.is_variadic && f.parameters.size != params.size) || (f.is_variadic && f.parameters.size > params.size + 1) {
                    return MalResult::Err(malString(str("macro called with the wrong number of parameters")))
                }
                env = new<Env>()->construct(f.env)
                for (var i = 0; i < f.parameters.size; i++;) {
                    if f.is_variadic && i == f.parameters.size - 1 {
                        env->set(f.parameters[i], malVector(params.slice(i, -1)))
                    } else {
                        env->set(f.parameters[i], params[i])
                    }
                }
                var tmp = *f.body
                var tmp2 = EVAL(env, tmp)
                if is_err(tmp2) {
                    return tmp2
                }
                ast = get_value(tmp2)
            }
        }
    }
    return MalResult::Ok(ast)
}

fun quasiquote(ast: MalValue): MalValue {
    if !ast.is_pair() {
        return malVector(vec(malSymbol(str("quote")), ast))
    } else {
        var ast_list = ast.get_vector_rc()
        if ast_list.get()[0].is_symbol("unquote") {
            return ast_list.get()[1]
        } else {
            if ast_list.get()[0].is_pair() && ast_list.get()[0].get_vector_rc().get()[0].is_symbol("splice-unquote") {
                return malVector(vec(malSymbol(str("concat")), ast_list.get()[0].get_vector_rc().get()[1], quasiquote(malVector(ast_list.get().slice(1,-1)))))
            } else {
                return malVector(vec(malSymbol(str("cons")), quasiquote(ast_list.get()[0]), quasiquote(malVector(ast_list.get().slice(1,-1)))))
            }
        }
    }
}

obj Env (Object) {
    var data: map<str, MalValue>
    var outer: *Env
    fun construct(): *Env {
        return construct(null<Env>())
    }
    fun construct(outer: *Env): *Env {
        data.construct()
        this->outer = outer
        return this
    }
    fun copy_construct(old: *Env): void {
        data.copy_construct(&old->data)
        outer = old->outer
    }
    fun destruct(): void {
        data.destruct()
        outer = null<Env>()
    }
    fun operator=(other:ref Env):void {
        destruct()
        copy_construct(&other)
    }
    fun set(key: str, val: MalValue) {
        data.set(key, val)
    }
    fun remove(key: str) {
        data.remove(key)
    }
    fun find(key: str): *Env {
        if (data.contains_key(key)) {
            return this
        } else if (outer != null<Env>()) {
            return outer->find(key)
        } else {
            return null<Env>()
        }
    }
    fun get(key: str): MalResult {
        var env = find(key)
        if (env != null<Env>()) {
            return MalResult::Ok(env->data.get(key))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("'") + key + "' not found"))
        }
    }
    fun to_string(): str {
        var to_ret = str()
        to_string(str("\t"), to_ret)
        return to_ret
    }
    fun to_string(tabs: ref str, s: ref str) {
        for (var i = 0; i < data.keys.size; i++;) {
            /*s += tabs + data.keys[i] + ": " + data.values[i] + "\n"*/
            s += tabs + data.keys[i] + "\n"
        }
        if outer != null<Env>() {
            outer->to_string(tabs + "\t", s)
        }
    }
}
obj MalBuiltinFunction (Object) {
    var name: str
    var fp: fun(vec<MalValue>): MalResult
    fun construct(name: ref str, fp: fun(vec<MalValue>): MalResult): *MalBuiltinFunction {
        this->name.copy_construct(&name)
        this->fp = fp
        return this
    }
    fun copy_construct(old: *MalBuiltinFunction): void {
        this->fp = old->fp
        this->name.copy_construct(&old->name)
    }
    fun destruct(): void {
        this->name.destruct()
    }
    fun operator=(other:ref MalBuiltinFunction):void {
        destruct()
        copy_construct(&other)
    }
    fun operator==(other: ref MalBuiltinFunction):bool {
        return false
    }
    fun call(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        return fp(params)
    }
}
fun make_builtin_function(name: str, f: fun(vec<MalValue>): MalResult): MalValue {
    var to_ret.construct(name, f): MalBuiltinFunction
    return nmMV(MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(to_ret))
}
obj MalFunction (Object) {
    var env: *Env
    var parameters: vec<str>
    var is_variadic: bool
    var is_macro: bool
    var body: *MalValue
    fun construct(env: *Env, parameters: vec<str>, is_variadic: bool, is_macro: bool, body: MalValue): *MalFunction {
        this->env = env
        this->parameters.copy_construct(&parameters)
        this->is_variadic = is_variadic
        this->is_macro = is_macro
        this->body = new<MalValue>()
        this->body->copy_construct(&body)
        return this
    }
    fun copy_construct(old: *MalFunction): void {
        this->env = old->env
        this->parameters.copy_construct(&old->parameters)
        this->is_variadic = old->is_variadic
        this->is_macro = old->is_macro
        this->body = new<MalValue>()
        this->body->copy_construct(old->body)
    }
    fun destruct(): void {
        this->env = null<Env>()
        parameters.destruct()
        delete(body)
        body = null<MalValue>()
    }
    fun operator=(other:ref MalFunction):void {
        destruct()
        copy_construct(&other)
    }
    fun operator==(other: ref MalFunction):bool {
        // not sure about env
        return env == other.env && parameters == other.parameters && is_variadic == other.is_variadic && is_macro == other.is_macro && body->equals(*other.body)
    }
    // no call b/c need to do in EVAL for TCO
    fun prep_call(params: ref vec<MalValue>): pair<*Env, MalResult> {
        // tco
        if (!is_variadic && parameters.size != params.size) || (is_variadic && parameters.size > params.size + 1) {
            return make_pair(null<Env>(), MalResult::Err(malString(str("function called with the wrong number of parameters: ") + params.size + " but expecting " + parameters.size + ": [ " + str(",").join(parameters) + "], was: " + pr_str(malVector(params), true) + ", function body is " + pr_str(*body, true))))
        }
        var new_env = new<Env>()->construct(env)
        for (var i = 0; i < parameters.size; i++;) {
            if is_variadic && i == parameters.size - 1 {
                new_env->set(parameters[i], malVector(params.slice(i, -1)))
            } else {
                new_env->set(parameters[i], params[i])
            }
        }
        return make_pair(new_env, MalResult::Ok(*body))
    }
}

fun function_call(f: MalValue, params: ref vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
    match (f.internal) {
        MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(f) {
            return f.call(params)
        }
        MalValue_int::Function(f) {
            var call_pair = f.prep_call(params)
            if is_err(call_pair.second) {
                return call_pair.second
            }
            return EVAL(call_pair.first, get_value(call_pair.second))
        }
    }
    return MalResult::Err(malString(str("trying to apply not a function: ") + pr_str(f ,true)))
}

adt MalResult {
    Ok: MalValue,
    Err: MalValue
}
fun is_err(r: MalResult): bool {
    match (r) {
        MalResult::Err(e) {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}
fun get_err(r: MalResult): MalValue {
    match (r) {
        MalResult::Err(e) {
            return e
        }
    }
    /*return malSymbol(str("get-err-not-error"))*/
    error("get-err-not-error")
}
fun get_value(r: MalResult): MalValue {
    match (r) {
        MalResult::Ok(v) {
            return v
        }
    }
    /*return malSymbol(str("get-value-is-error"))*/
    error("get-value-is-error")
}
fun pr_str(v: MalValue, print_readably: bool): str {
    match (v.internal) {
        MalValue_int::Vector(l) {
            var to_ret = str("( ")
            for (var i = 0; i < l.get().size; i++;) {
                if (i != 0) {
                    to_ret += " "
                }
                to_ret += pr_str(l.get()[i], print_readably)
            }
            return to_ret + " )"
        }
        MalValue_int::Int(i) {
            return to_string(i)
        }
        MalValue_int::String(s) {
            if print_readably {
                var to_ret = str("\"") //"
                for (var i = 0; i < s.length(); i++;) {
                    if s[i] == '\n' {
                        to_ret += '\\'
                        to_ret += 'n'
                    } else if s[i] == '\\' || s[i] == '"' {
                        to_ret += '\\'
                        to_ret += s[i]
                    } else {
                        to_ret += s[i]
                    }
                }
                return to_ret + "\"" //"
            } else {
                return s
            }
        }
        MalValue_int::Symbol(s) {
            if print_readably {
                return "'" + s
            } else {
                return s
            }
        }
        MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(f) {
            return str("builtin function")
        }
        MalValue_int::Function(f) {
            return str("function")
        }
        MalValue_int::True() {
            return str("true")
        }
        MalValue_int::False() {
            return str("false")
        }
        MalValue_int::Nil() {
            return str("nil")
        }
    }
    error("can't print")
}

fun READ(grammer: ref Grammer<MalResult, MalValue>, s: str): MalResult {
    var to_ret = read_str(grammer, s)
    if to_ret.first != s.length() {
        if is_err(to_ret.second) {
            return to_ret.second
        } else {
            println("parsed to var: " + pr_str(get_value(to_ret.second), true))
        }
        error("parsed some, but not all")
    }
    return to_ret.second
}

fun eval_ast(env: *Env, ast: MalValue): MalResult {
    match (ast.internal) {
        MalValue_int::Vector(l) {
            var to_ret = vec<MalValue>()
            for (var i = 0; i < l.get().size; i++;) {
                var mid = EVAL(env, l.get()[i])
                if is_err(mid) {
                    return mid
                }
                to_ret.add(get_value(mid))
            }
            return MalResult::Ok(malVector(to_ret))
        }
        MalValue_int::Symbol(s) {
            return env->get(s)
        }
    }
    return MalResult::Ok(ast)
}

fun EVAL(env: *Env, ast: MalValue): MalResult {
    // for tco
    while (true) {
        var expanded = macroexpand(ast, env)
        if (is_err(expanded)) {
            return expanded
        }
        ast = get_value(expanded)
        if !ast.is_vector() {
            return eval_ast(env, ast)
        }
        match (ast.internal) {
            MalValue_int::Vector(l) {
                if (l.get().size == 0) {
                    return MalResult::Ok(ast)
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("def!")) {
                    if (l.get().size != 3) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("def! without exaclty key and value")))
                    }
                    if (!l.get()[1].is_symbol()) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("def! not on symbol")))
                    }
                    if env->outer != null<Env>() {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("def! not at top level")))
                    }
                    var value = EVAL(env, l.get()[2])
                    if (is_err(value)) {
                        return value
                    }
                    env->set(l.get()[1].get_symbol_text(), get_value(value))
                    return value
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("defmacro!")) {
                    if (l.get().size != 3) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("defmacro! without exaclty key and value")))
                    }
                    if (!l.get()[1].is_symbol()) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("defmacro! not on symbol")))
                    }
                    var value = EVAL(env, l.get()[2])
                    if (is_err(value)) {
                        return value
                    }
                    var v = get_value(value)
                    match (v.internal) {
                        MalValue_int::Function(f) {
                            f.is_macro = true
                            env->set(l.get()[1].get_symbol_text(), nmMV(MalValue_int::Function(f)))
                            return value
                        }
                    }
                    return MalResult::Err(malString(str("defmacro! on not a function")))
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("let*")) {
                    if (l.get().size != 3) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("let* without list of bindings & end value")))
                    }
                    if (!l.get()[1].is_vector()) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("let* without list of bindings")))
                    }
                    var bindings = l.get()[1].get_vector_rc()
                    if (bindings.get().size & 1 != 0) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("let* list of bindings has odd number of entries")))
                    }
                    var new_env = new<Env>()->construct(env)
                    for (var i = 0; i < bindings.get().size; i+=2;) {
                        if (!bindings.get()[i].is_symbol()) {
                            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("let* var name not symbol")))
                        }
                        var to_set_value = EVAL(new_env, bindings.get()[i+1])
                        if (is_err(to_set_value)) {
                            return to_set_value
                        }
                        new_env->set(bindings.get()[i].get_symbol_text(), get_value(to_set_value))
                    }
                    // tco
                    env = new_env
                    var tmp = l.get()[2]
                    ast = tmp
                    continue
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("do")) {
                    for (var i = 1; i < l.get().size-1; i++;) {
                        var mid = EVAL(env, l.get()[i])
                        if is_err(mid) {
                            return mid
                        }
                    }
                    // tco
                    var tmp = l.get()[l.get().size-1]
                    ast = tmp
                    continue
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("if")) {
                    if l.get().size != 3 && l.get().size != 4 {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("if needs 2 or 3 children")))
                    }
                    var cond = EVAL(env, l.get()[1])
                    if is_err(cond) {
                        return cond
                    }
                    // tco
                    if get_value(cond).is_truthy() {
                        var tmp = l.get()[2]
                        ast = tmp
                    } else if l.get().size == 4 {
                        var tmp = l.get()[3]
                        ast = tmp
                    } else {
                        return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
                    }
                    continue
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("fn*")) {
                    if l.get().size != 3 {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("fn* needs 2 children")))
                    }
                    if (!l.get()[1].is_vector()) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("fn* without list of parameters")))
                    }
                    var parameters = l.get()[1].get_vector_rc()
                    var parameters_str = vec<str>()
                    var is_variadic = false
                    for (var i = 0; i < parameters.get().size; i++;) {
                        if (!parameters.get()[i].is_symbol()) {
                            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("fn* parameter name not symbol")))
                        }
                        var symbol_text = parameters.get()[i].get_symbol_text()
                        if symbol_text == "&" {
                            if i != parameters.get().size - 2 {
                                return MalResult::Err(malString(str("fn* has wrong number of arguments after &")))
                            }
                            if (!parameters.get()[i+1].is_symbol()) {
                                return MalResult::Err(malString(str("fn* parameter name not symbol")))
                            }
                            is_variadic = true
                            i++
                            symbol_text = parameters.get()[i].get_symbol_text()
                        }
                        parameters_str.add(symbol_text)
                    }
                    var to_ret.construct(env, parameters_str, is_variadic, false, l.get()[2]): MalFunction
                    return MalResult::Ok(nmMV(MalValue_int::Function(to_ret)))
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("quote")) {
                    if l.get().size == 1 {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("quote with no arguments")))
                    }
                    return MalResult::Ok(l.get()[1])
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("quasiquote")) {
                    if l.get().size == 1 {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("quasiquote with no arguments")))
                    }
                    var tmp = quasiquote(l.get()[1])
                    ast = tmp
                    continue
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("macroexpand")) {
                    if l.get().size == 1 {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("macroexpand with no arguments")))
                    }
                    return macroexpand(l.get()[1], env)
                } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("try*")) {
                    if l.get().size != 2 && (l.get().size != 3 || !l.get()[2].is_vector()) {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("try* wrong arguments")))
                    }
                    var A = EVAL(env, l.get()[1])
                    if l.get().size == 3 && is_err(A) {
                        var catch = l.get()[2].get_vector_rc()
                        if catch.get().size != 3 || !catch.get()[0].is_symbol("catch*") || !catch.get()[1].is_symbol() {
                            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("catch* block malformed")))
                        }
                        var new_env = new<Env>()->construct(env)
                        env->set(catch.get()[1].get_symbol_text(), get_err(A))
                        return EVAL(new_env, catch.get()[2])
                    } else {
                        return A
                    }
                } else {
                    var mid = eval_ast(env, ast)
                    if is_err(mid) {
                        return mid
                    }
                    var to_call = get_value(mid).get_vector_rc()
                    match (to_call.get()[0].internal) {
                        MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(f) {
                            return f.call(to_call.get().slice(1,-1))
                        }
                        MalValue_int::Function(f) {
                            var params = to_call.get().slice(1,-1)
                            var call_pair = f.prep_call(to_call.get().slice(1, -1))
                            if is_err(call_pair.second) {
                                return call_pair.second
                            }
                            env = call_pair.first
                            ast = get_value(call_pair.second)
                            continue
                        }
                    }
                    return MalResult::Err(malString(str("trying to call not a function:") + pr_str(to_call.get()[0], true)))
                }
            }
        }
        return eval_ast(env, ast)
    }
}

fun rep(grammer: ref Grammer<MalResult, MalValue>, env: *Env, a: str): str {
    var read = READ(grammer, a)
    if is_err(read) {
        return pr_str(get_err(read), true)
    } else {
        var evaled = EVAL(env, get_value(read))
        if is_err(evaled) {
            return str("Exception: ") + pr_str(get_err(evaled), true)
        } else {
            return pr_str(get_value(evaled), true)
        }
    }
}
fun print_wrapper(params: ref vec<MalValue>, sep: *char, print_readably: bool): str {
    var to_ret = str()
    for (var i = 0; i < params.size; i++;) {
        to_ret += pr_str(params[i], print_readably)
        if i != params.size-1 {
            to_ret += sep
        }
    }
    return to_ret
}

fun main(argc: int, argv: **char): int {

    var grammer.construct(): Grammer<MalResult, MalValue>

    var ret_nil_term: fun(ref MalValue, ref str, int, int): MalResult = fun(_: ref MalValue, input: ref str, l: int, r: int): MalResult { return MalResult::Ok(malNil()); }
    var ret_nil_sym: fun(ref MalValue, ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult = fun(_: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult { return MalResult::Ok(malNil()); }
    var ret_0_sym: fun(ref MalValue, ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult = fun(_: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult { return x[0]; }

    var WS = grammer.add_new_nonterminal("WS", vec(grammer.add_terminal("( |	|
|(;[ -~]*
))+", malNil(), ret_nil_term)), malNil(), ret_nil_sym)
    var optional_WS = grammer.add_new_nonterminal("optional_WS", vec<int>(), malNil(), ret_nil_sym)
    grammer.add_to_nonterminal(optional_WS, vec(WS), malNil(), ret_nil_sym)

    var atom = grammer.add_new_nonterminal("atom", vec(grammer.add_terminal("-?[0-9]+", malNil(), fun(_: ref MalValue, input: ref str, l: int, r: int): MalResult { return MalResult::Ok(malInt(string_to_num<int>(input.slice(l,r)))); })), malNil(), ret_0_sym)
    grammer.add_to_nonterminal(atom, vec(grammer.add_terminal("\"([#-[]|	|[]-~]|(\\\\)|(\\n)|(\\t)|(\\\*)|(\\0)|
|[ -!]|(\\\\\"))*\"", malNil(), fun(_: ref MalValue, input: ref str, l: int, r: int): MalResult { //"
        var to_ret = str()
        for (var i = l+1; i < r-1; i++;) {
            if input[i] == '\\' {
                if input[i+1] == 'n' {
                    to_ret += '\n'
                } else if input[i+1] == '\\' || input[i+1] == '"' {
                    to_ret += input[i+1]
                } else {
                    return MalResult::Err(malString(str("bad string escape")))
                }
                // skip
                i++
            } else {
                to_ret += input[i]
            }
        }
        return MalResult::Ok(malString(to_ret));
    })), malNil(), ret_0_sym)
    grammer.add_to_nonterminal(atom, vec(grammer.add_terminal("-|(([a-z]|[A-Z]|_|\\*|/|\\?|\\+|!|=|&|<|>)([a-z]|[A-Z]|_|[0-9]|\\*|\\?|\\+|-|!|=|&|<|>)*)", malNil(), fun(_: ref MalValue, input: ref str, l: int, r: int): MalResult {
        var s = input.slice(l,r)
        if s == "true" {
            return MalResult::Ok(malTrue());
        } else if s == "false" {
            return MalResult::Ok(malFalse());
        } else if s == "nil" {
            return MalResult::Ok(malNil());
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(malSymbol(input.slice(l,r)));
        }
    })), malNil(), ret_0_sym)

    var form = grammer.add_new_nonterminal("form", vec(atom), malNil(), ret_0_sym)
    var space_forms = grammer.add_new_nonterminal("space_forms", vec<int>(), malNil(), fun(_: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult {
        return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec<MalValue>()))
    })
    grammer.add_to_nonterminal(space_forms, vec(form), malNil(), fun(_: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult {
        if is_err(x[0]) {
            return x[0]
        }
        return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec(get_value(x[0]))))
    })
    grammer.add_to_nonterminal(space_forms, vec(form, WS, space_forms), malNil(), fun(_: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult {
        if is_err(x[0]) {
            return x[0]
        }
        if is_err(x[2]) {
            return x[2]
        }
        return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec(get_value(x[0])) + get_value(x[2]).get_vector_rc().get()))
    })

    grammer.add_to_nonterminal(form, vec(grammer.add_terminal("\\(", malNil(), ret_nil_term),
                                                       optional_WS,
                                                       grammer.add_terminal("\\)", malNil(), ret_nil_term)), malNil(), fun(_: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult { return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec<MalValue>())); })
    grammer.add_to_nonterminal(form, vec(grammer.add_terminal("\\(", malNil(), ret_nil_term),
                                                       optional_WS,
                                                       space_forms,
                                                       optional_WS,
                                                       grammer.add_terminal("\\)", malNil(), ret_nil_term)), malNil(), fun(_: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult { return x[2]; })

    grammer.set_start_symbol(form)


    var env = new<Env>()->construct()
    env->set(str("+"), make_builtin_function(str("+"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        var to_ret = 0
        for (var i = 0; i < params.size; i++;) {
            match (params[i].internal) {
                MalValue_int::Int(v) {
                    to_ret += v
                    continue
                }
            }
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("called + with not an int: ") + pr_str(params[i], false)))
        }
        return MalResult::Ok(malInt(to_ret))
    }));
    env->set(str("-"), make_builtin_function(str("-"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        var to_ret = 0
        for (var i = 0; i < params.size; i++;) {
            match (params[i].internal) {
                MalValue_int::Int(v) {
                    if (i == 0) {
                        to_ret += v
                    } else {
                        to_ret -= v
                    }
                    continue
                }
            }
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("called - with not an int: ") + pr_str(params[i], false)))
        }
        return MalResult::Ok(malInt(to_ret))
    }));
    env->set(str("*"), make_builtin_function(str("*"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        var to_ret = 1
        for (var i = 0; i < params.size; i++;) {
            match (params[i].internal) {
                MalValue_int::Int(v) {
                    to_ret *= v
                    continue
                }
            }
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("called * with not an int: ") + pr_str(params[i], false)))
        }
        return MalResult::Ok(malInt(to_ret))
    }));
    env->set(str("/"), make_builtin_function(str("/"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        var to_ret = 1
        for (var i = 0; i < params.size; i++;) {
            match (params[i].internal) {
                MalValue_int::Int(v) {
                    if (i == 0) {
                        to_ret *= v
                    } else {
                        to_ret /= v
                    }
                    continue
                }
            }
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("called / with not an int: ") + pr_str(params[i], false)))
        }
        return MalResult::Ok(malInt(to_ret))
    }));
    env->set(str("="), make_builtin_function(str("="), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("= with not two parameters")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].equals(params[1])))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("<"), make_builtin_function(str("<"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 || !params[0].is_int() || !params[1].is_int() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("< with not two numbers")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].get_int() < params[1].get_int()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("<="), make_builtin_function(str("<="), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 || !params[0].is_int() || !params[1].is_int() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("<= with not two numbers")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].get_int() <= params[1].get_int()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str(">"), make_builtin_function(str(">"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 || !params[0].is_int() || !params[1].is_int() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("> with not two numbers")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].get_int() > params[1].get_int()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str(">="), make_builtin_function(str(">="), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 || !params[0].is_int() || !params[1].is_int() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str(">= with not two numbers")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].get_int() >= params[1].get_int()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("str"), make_builtin_function(str("str"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        return MalResult::Ok(malString(print_wrapper(params, "", false)))
    }));
    env->set(str("prn"), make_builtin_function(str("prn"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size == 0 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("Called prn with 0 parameters")))
        }
        println(pr_str(params[0], true))
        return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
    }));
    env->set(str("pr-str"), make_builtin_function(str("pr-str"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        return MalResult::Ok(malString(print_wrapper(params, " ", true)))
    }));
    env->set(str("prn"), make_builtin_function(str("prn"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        println(print_wrapper(params, " ", true))
        return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
    }));
    env->set(str("println"), make_builtin_function(str("println"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        println(print_wrapper(params, " ", false))
        return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
    }));
    env->set(str("empty?"), make_builtin_function(str("empty?"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size == 0 || !params[0].is_vector() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("first parameter of empty? is not a list")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].get_vector_rc().get().size == 0))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("count"), make_builtin_function(str("count"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size == 0 || !params[0].is_vector() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("first parameter of count is not a list")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(malInt(params[0].get_vector_rc().get().size))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("read-string"), make_builtin_function(str("read-string"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 || !params[0].is_string() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("read-string with not a single string")))
        } else {
            return READ(grammer, params[0].get_string())
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("slurp"), make_builtin_function(str("slurp"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 || !params[0].is_string() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("slurp with not a single string")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(malString(read_file(params[0].get_string())))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("eval"), make_builtin_function(str("eval"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("eval with wrong number of params")))
        } else {
            return EVAL(env, params[0])
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("cons"), make_builtin_function(str("cons"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 || !params[1].is_vector() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("cons called with wrong number of params or second not an list/vec")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec(params[0]) + params[1].get_vector_rc().get()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("concat"), make_builtin_function(str("concat"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        var to_ret = vec<MalValue>()
        for (var i = 0; i < params.size; i++;) {
            if !params[i].is_vector() {
                return MalResult::Err(malString(str("concat called with not an list")))
            }
            to_ret += params[i].get_vector_rc().get()
        }
        return MalResult::Ok(malVector(to_ret))
    }));
    env->set(str("nth"), make_builtin_function(str("nth"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 || !params[0].is_vector() || !params[1].is_int() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("nth called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            var list = params[0].get_vector_rc()
            var idx = params[1].get_int()
            if idx >= list.get().size {
                return MalResult::Err(malString(str("nth idx out of range")))
            }
            return MalResult::Ok(list.get()[idx])
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("set-nth!"), make_builtin_function(str("set-nth!"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 3 || !params[0].is_vector() || !params[1].is_int() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("set-nth! called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            var list = params[0].get_vector_rc()
            var idx = params[1].get_int()
            if idx >= list.get().size {
                return MalResult::Err(malString(str("set-nth! idx out of range")))
            }
            list.get()[idx] = params[2];
            return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("first"), make_builtin_function(str("first"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 || !params[0].is_vector() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("first called with wrong number or type of params") + pr_str(params[0], true)))
        } else {
            var list = params[0].get_vector_rc()
            if list.get().size == 0 {
                return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
            }
            return MalResult::Ok(list.get()[0])
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("rest"), make_builtin_function(str("rest"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 || !params[0].is_vector() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("rest called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            var list = params[0].get_vector_rc()
            if list.get().size == 0 {
                return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec<MalValue>()))
            }
            return MalResult::Ok(malVector(list.get().slice(1,-1)))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("throw"), make_builtin_function(str("throw"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("throw called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Err(params[0])
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("apply"), make_builtin_function(str("apply"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size < 2 || !params[params.size-1].is_vector() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("apply called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
        var inner_params = params.slice(1,-2) + params[params.size-1].get_vector_rc().get()
        return function_call(params[0], inner_params)
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("map"), make_builtin_function(str("map"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 || !params[1].is_vector() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("map called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            var l = params[1].get_vector_rc()
            var to_ret = vec<MalValue>()
            for (var i = 0; i < l.get().size; i++;) {
                var mid = function_call(params[0], vec(l.get()[i]))
                if is_err(mid) {
                    return mid
                }
                to_ret.add(get_value(mid))
            }
            return MalResult::Ok(malVector(to_ret))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("symbol?"), make_builtin_function(str("symbol?"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("symbol? called with wrong number of params")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].is_symbol()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("symbol"), make_builtin_function(str("symbol"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 || !params[0].is_string() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("symbol called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(malSymbol(params[0].get_string()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("vector"), make_builtin_function(str("vector"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        return MalResult::Ok(malVector(params))
    }));
    env->set(str("vector?"), make_builtin_function(str("vector?"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("vector? called with wrong number of params")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].is_vector()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("sequential?"), make_builtin_function(str("sequential?"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("sequential? called with wrong number of params")))
        } else if params[0].is_nil() {
            return MalResult::Ok(malFalse())
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(bool_to_MalValue(params[0].is_vector()))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("readline"), make_builtin_function(str("readline"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 || !params[0].is_string() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("readline called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            var entered = get_line(params[0].get_string(), 1024)
            if entered == "***EOF***" {
                return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
            }
            return MalResult::Ok(malString(entered))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("meta"), make_builtin_function(str("meta"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("meta called with not one argument")))
        } else {
            if params[0].meta != null<MalValue>() {
                return MalResult::Ok(*params[0].meta)
            } else {
                return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
            }
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("with-meta"), make_builtin_function(str("with-meta"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("with-meta called with not two arguments")))
        } else {
            var new_meta = new<MalValue>()
            new_meta->copy_construct(&params[1])
            var new_value = params[0].deep_clone();
            new_value.meta = new_meta
            return MalResult::Ok(new_value)
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("fn?"), make_builtin_function(str("fn?"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("not implemented")))
    }));
    env->set(str("string?"), make_builtin_function(str("string?"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("not implemented")))
    }));
    // self-modifying grammer
    env->set(str("add_terminal"), make_builtin_function(str("add_terminal"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 2 || !params[0].is_string() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("add_terminal called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            return MalResult::Ok(malInt(grammer.add_terminal(params[0].get_string(), params[1], fun(f: ref MalValue, input: ref str, l: int, r: int): MalResult {
                return function_call(f, vec(malString(input.slice(l,r))))
            })))
        }
    }));
    env->set(str("add_grammer_rule"), make_builtin_function(str("add_grammer_rule"), fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 3 || !params[0].is_symbol() || !params[1].is_vector() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("add_grammer_rule called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            var nonterminal_str = params[0].get_symbol_text()
            var rule = params[1].get_vector_rc().get()
            var int_rule = vec<int>()
            for (var i = 0; i < rule.size; i++;) {
                if rule[i].is_int() {
                    int_rule.add(rule[i].get_int())
                } else if rule[i].is_symbol() {
                    var sub_nonterminal_idx = grammer.nonterminal_names.find(rule[i].get_symbol_text())
                    if sub_nonterminal_idx == -1 {
                        return MalResult::Err(malString(str("Couldn't find nonterminal: ") + rule[i].get_symbol_text()))
                    }
                    var sub_nonterminal = -1*(sub_nonterminal_idx+1)
                    int_rule.add(sub_nonterminal)
                } else if rule[i].is_string() {
                    int_rule.add(grammer.add_terminal(rule[i].get_string(), malNil(), fun(f: ref MalValue, input: ref str, l: int, r: int): MalResult {
                        return MalResult::Ok(malString(input.slice(l,r)))
                    }))
                } else {
                    match (rule[i].internal) {
                        MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(f) {
                            if f.name == "+" || f.name == "*" {
                                if int_rule.size == 0 {
                                    return MalResult::Err(malString(str("add_grammer_rule has + or * in first position, with nothing to repeat")))
                                }
                                var current = int_rule.last()
                                var sub_rule_names = nonterminal_str + "_" + new_tmp()
                                var new = grammer.add_to_or_create_nonterminal(sub_rule_names + "_one_or_more", vec(current), malNil(), fun(f: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult {
                                    if is_err(x[0]) { return x[0]; }
                                    return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec(get_value(x[0]))))
                                })
                                grammer.add_to_nonterminal(new, vec(current, new), malNil(), fun(f: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult {
                                    if is_err(x[0]) { return x[0]; }
                                    if is_err(x[1]) { return x[1]; }
                                    return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec(get_value(x[0])) + get_value(x[1]).get_vector_rc().get()))
                                })
                                if f.name == "*" {
                                    new = grammer.add_to_or_create_nonterminal(sub_rule_names + "_zero_or_more", vec(new), malNil(), fun(f: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult {
                                        if is_err(x[0]) { return x[0]; }
                                        return MalResult::Ok(get_value(x[0]))
                                    })
                                    grammer.add_to_nonterminal(new, vec<int>(), malNil(), fun(f: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult {
                                        return MalResult::Ok(malVector(vec<MalValue>()))
                                    })
                                }
                                int_rule.last() = new
                                continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    return MalResult::Err(malString(str("add_grammer_rule called with not symbol, int, or string in rule")))
                }
            }
            grammer.add_to_or_create_nonterminal(nonterminal_str, int_rule, params[2], fun(f: ref MalValue, x: ref vec<MalResult>): MalResult {
                var params = vec<MalValue>()
                for (var i = 0; i < x.size; i++;) {
                    if is_err(x[i]) {
                        return x[i]
                    }
                    params.add(get_value(x[i]))
                }
                return function_call(f, params)
            })
            return MalResult::Ok(malNil())
        }
    }));
    var ERS = fun(params: vec<MalValue>): MalResult {
        if params.size != 1 || !params[0].is_string() {
            return MalResult::Err(malString(str("eval-read-string called with wrong number or type of params")))
        } else {
            var input = params[0].get_string()
            var i = 0
            var current_ret = MalResult::Ok(malNil())
            if i < input.length() {
                // initial handle whitespace
                var BSR = fungll(grammer, optional_WS, input.slice(i, -1))
                var longest = -1
                for (var j = 0; j < BSR.data.size; j++;) {
                    if BSR.data[j].nonterminal == optional_WS && BSR.data[j].left == 0 {
                        if BSR.data[j].right > longest {
                            longest = BSR.data[j].right
                        }
                    }
                }
                if longest > 0 {
                    i += longest
                }
            }
            while i < input.length() {
                var r = read_str(grammer, input.slice(i, -1))
                i += r.first
                if is_err(r.second) {
                    return r.second
                }
                current_ret = EVAL(env, get_value(r.second))
                if is_err(current_ret) {
                    return current_ret
                }
                // handle whitespace again
                var BSR = fungll(grammer, optional_WS, input.slice(i, -1))
                var longest = -1
                for (var j = 0; j < BSR.data.size; j++;) {
                    if BSR.data[j].nonterminal == optional_WS && BSR.data[j].left == 0 {
                        if BSR.data[j].right > longest {
                            longest = BSR.data[j].right
                        }
                    }
                }
                if longest > 0 {
                    i += longest
                }
            }
            return current_ret
        }
    }
    env->set(str("eval-read-string"), make_builtin_function(str("eval-read-string"), ERS));
    // reader macros
    rep(grammer, env, str("(add_grammer_rule (quote atom) (vector \"'\" (quote form)) (fn* (_ x) (quasiquote (quote (unquote x)))))")) //'
    rep(grammer, env, str("(add_grammer_rule 'form (vector \"\\\\[\" 'optional_WS \"\\\\]\") (fn* (& _) '(vector)))")) //'
    rep(grammer, env, str("(add_grammer_rule 'form (vector \"\\\\[\" 'optional_WS 'space_forms 'optional_WS \"\\\\]\") (fn* (_ _ x _ _) (quasiquote (vector (splice-unquote x)))))")) //'
    // now we can use ' for the rest
    rep(grammer, env, str("(add_grammer_rule 'atom [\"`\" 'form] (fn* (_ x) (quasiquote (quasiquote (unquote x)))))"))
    rep(grammer, env, str("(add_grammer_rule 'atom [\"~\" 'form] (fn* (_ x) (vector (quote unquote) x)))"))
    // the standard appears to be for splice-unquote to be <symbol-for-unqoute><symbol-for-deref>, but unquote deref is a reasonable
    // sequence of characters and causes ambigious parses! So I chose the other common unquote symbol to be splice-unquote
    rep(grammer, env, str("(add_grammer_rule 'atom [\",\" 'form] (fn* (_ x) (vector (quote splice-unquote) x)))"))
    rep(grammer, env, str("(add_grammer_rule 'atom [\"@\" 'form] (fn* (_ x) `(deref ~x)))")) //"

    rep(grammer, env, str("(def! not (fn* (a) (if a false true)))"))
    rep(grammer, env, str("(def! load-file (fn* (f) (eval-read-string (slurp f))))"))
    rep(grammer, env, str("(defmacro! cond (fn* (& xs) (if (> (count xs) 0) (vector 'if (first xs) (if (> (count xs) 1) (nth xs 1) (throw \"odd number of forms to cond\")) (cons 'cond (rest (rest xs)))))))"))
    rep(grammer, env, str("(def! nil? (fn* (a) (= nil a)))"))
    var params = vec<MalValue>()
    if argc == 3 && str(argv[1]) == "-C" {
        env->set(str("*ARGV*"), malNil())
        var evaled = ERS(vec(malString(str(argv[2]))))
        if is_err(evaled) {
            printlnerr(str("Exception: ") + pr_str(get_err(evaled), true))
        } else {
            println("Result: " + pr_str(get_value(evaled), true))
        }
    } else if argc >= 2 {
        for (var i = 2; i < argc; i++;) {
            params.add(malString(str(argv[i])))
        }
        env->set(str("*ARGV*"), malVector(params))
        var eval_result_str = rep(grammer, env, str("(load-file \"") + argv[1] + "\")")
        println(eval_result_str)
        if eval_result_str.length() >= 11 && eval_result_str.slice(0,11) == "Exception: " {
            error("aborting compile")
        }
        // check for compile
        var main = env->get(str("main"))
        if !is_err(main) {
            println("Starting compile!")
            match (get_value(main).internal) {
                MalValue_int::Function(f) {
                    var top_decs = str("#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <stddef.h>\n#include <string.h>\n#include <setjmp.h>\n")
                    top_decs += """
                    jmp_buf *current_exception_handler;
                    size_t current_exception_value;
                    void error(char* message) {fprintf(stderr, "%s", message); exit(1);}
                    void check_num_params(size_t a, size_t b, char* function) { if (a!=b) {fprintf(stderr, "%s: expected num params to be %d\n", function, b); exit(1);}}
                    void check_num_params_at_least(size_t a, size_t b, char* function) { if (a<b) {fprintf(stderr, "%s: expected num params to be at least %d\n", function, b); exit(1);}}
                    void check_int(size_t p, char* function) { if ((p&0x7)!=0) {fprintf(stderr, "%s: expected param to be int\n", function); exit(1);}}
                    void check_vector(size_t p, char* function) { if ((p&0x7)!=0x2) {fprintf(stderr, "%s: expected param to be vector\n", function); exit(1);}}
                    void check_function(size_t p, char* message) { if ((p&0x7)!=0x6) {fprintf(stderr, "%s: expected a function\n", message); exit(1);}}
                    typedef struct {
                    size_t (*func)(size_t*,size_t,size_t*);
                    size_t* data;
                    } closure;
                    size_t _plus_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    check_num_params(num, 2, "+"); check_int(args[0], "+"); check_int(args[1], "+");
                     return (size_t)(((((ptrdiff_t)args[0]) >> 3) + (((ptrdiff_t)args[1]) >> 3)) << 3);
                    }"""
                    var top_defs = str("closure _plus_closure = { _plus_impl, NULL};\n")
                    top_defs += """size_t _minus_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    check_num_params(num, 2, "-"); check_int(args[0], "-"); check_int(args[1], "-");
                     return (size_t)(((((ptrdiff_t)args[0]) >> 3) - (((ptrdiff_t)args[1]) >> 3)) << 3);
                    }
                    closure _minus_closure =(closure){ _minus_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _mult_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    check_num_params(num, 2, "*"); check_int(args[0], "*"); check_int(args[1], "*");
                     return (size_t)(((((ptrdiff_t)args[0]) >> 3) * (((ptrdiff_t)args[1]) >> 3)) << 3);
                    }
                    closure _mult_closure = (closure){ _mult_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _div_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    check_num_params(num, 2, "/"); check_int(args[0], "/"); check_int(args[1], "/");
                     return (size_t)(((((ptrdiff_t)args[0]) >> 3) / (((ptrdiff_t)args[1]) >> 3)) << 3);
                    }
                    closure _div_closure = (closure){ _div_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _eq_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 2, "=");
                        if (args[0] == args[1]) {
                            return 0x9F;
                        } else if ((args[0]&0x7) != (args[1]&0x7)) {
                            return 0x1F;
                        } else if ((args[0]&0x3) == 0x05) {
                            // string compare
                            char* str1 = (char*)(((size_t*)(args[0]>>3))+1);
                            char* str2 = (char*)(((size_t*)(args[1]>>3))+1);
                            if (strcmp(str1,str2) == 0) {
                                return 0x9F;
                            } else {
                                return 0x1F;
                            }
                        } else if ((args[0]&0x7) == 0x05) {
                            // symbol compare
                            char* sym1 = (char*)(((size_t*)(args[0]>>3))+1);
                            char* sym2 = (char*)(((size_t*)(args[1]>>3))+1);
                            if (strcmp(sym1,sym2) == 0) {
                                return 0x9F;
                            } else {
                                return 0x1F;
                            }
                        } else {
                            return 0x1F;
                        }
                    }
                    closure _eq_closure = (closure){ _eq_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _lt_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    check_num_params(num, 2, "<"); check_int(args[0], "<"); check_int(args[1], "<");
                    if (args[0] < args[1]) { return 0x9F; } else { return 0x1F; }
                    }
                    closure _lt_closure = (closure){ _lt_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _lte_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    check_num_params(num, 2, "<="); check_int(args[0], "<="); check_int(args[1], "<=");
                    if (args[0] <= args[1]) { return 0x9F; } else { return 0x1F; }
                    }
                    closure _lte_closure = (closure){ _lte_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _gt_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    check_num_params(num, 2, ">"); check_int(args[0], ">"); check_int(args[1], ">");
                    if (args[0] > args[1]) { return 0x9F; } else { return 0x1F; }
                    }
                    closure _gt_closure = (closure){ _gt_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _gte_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    check_num_params(num, 2, ">="); check_int(args[0], ">="); check_int(args[1], ">=");
                    if (args[0] >= args[1]) { return 0x9F; } else { return 0x1F; }
                    }
                    closure _gte_closure = (closure){ _gte_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _print_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    for (int _idx = 0; _idx < num; _idx++) {
                    if      ((args[_idx] & 0xFF) == 0x2F) printf("nil");
                    else if ((args[_idx] & 0xFF) == 0x9F) printf("true");
                    else if ((args[_idx] & 0xFF) == 0x1F) printf("false");
                    else if ((args[_idx] & 0xFF) == 0x0F) printf("Char?");
                    else if ((args[_idx] & 0x07) == 0x06) printf("function");
                    else if ((args[_idx] & 0x07) == 0x05) printf("'%s", ((char*)(args[_idx]>>3))+sizeof(size_t));
                    else if ((args[_idx] & 0x07) == 0x03) printf("%s", ((char*)(args[_idx]>>3))+sizeof(size_t));
                    else if ((args[_idx] & 0x07) == 0x02) {
                        printf("( ");
                        size_t* vec = (size_t*)(args[_idx]>>3);
                        for (int i = 0; i < vec[1]; i++) {
                            _print_impl(NULL, 1, vec+i+2);
                            printf(" ");
                        }
                        printf(")");
                    } else if ((args[_idx] & 0x07) == 0x00) printf("%d", args[_idx]>>3);
                    else printf("can't print");
                    }
                    return 0x2F;
                    }
                    closure _print_closure = (closure){ _print_impl, NULL};
                    size_t _println_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                    _print_impl(_, num, args);
                    printf("\n");
                    return 0x2F;
                    }
                    closure _println_closure = (closure){ _println_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _vector_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        size_t *vec = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*(num + 2));
                        vec[0] = 0x2F;
                        vec[1] = num;
                        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
                            vec[i+2] = args[i];
                        return ((((size_t)vec)<<3)|0x2);
                    }
                    closure _vector_closure = (closure){ _vector_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _nth_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 2, "nth");
                        check_int(args[1], "nth");
                        if   ((args[0] & 0x7) == 0x2) {
                            size_t* vec = (size_t*)(args[0]>>3);
                            if (((ptrdiff_t)(args[1]>>3)) < 0 || (args[1]>>3) >= vec[1]) {
                                error("nth idx out of range\n");
                            }
                            return vec[(args[1]>>3)+2];
                        } else {
                            error("Passed not a vector to nth\n");
                        }
                        return 0x2F;
                    }
                    closure _nth_closure = (closure){ _nth_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _set_nth_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 3, "set-nth!");
                        check_int(args[1], "set-nth!");
                        if   ((args[0] & 0x7) == 0x2) {
                            size_t* vec = (size_t*)(args[0]>>3);
                            if (((ptrdiff_t)(args[1]>>3)) < 0 || (args[1]>>3) >= vec[1]) {
                                error("nth idx out of range\n");
                            }
                            vec[(args[1]>>3)+2] = args[2];
                            return 0x2F;
                        } else {
                            error("Passed not a vector to set-nth!\n");
                        }
                    }
                    closure _set_nth_closure = (closure){ _set_nth_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _cons_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 2, "cons");
                        check_vector(args[1], "cons");
                        size_t* old_vec = (size_t*)(args[1]>>3);
                        size_t new_size = old_vec[1] + 1;
                        size_t *vec = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*(new_size + 2));
                        vec[0] = 0x2F;
                        vec[1] = new_size;
                        vec[2] = args[0];
                        for (int i = 0; i < old_vec[1]; i++)
                            vec[i+3] = old_vec[i+2];
                        return ((((size_t)vec)<<3)|0x2);
                    }
                    closure _cons_closure = (closure){ _cons_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _concat_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 2, "concat");
                        check_vector(args[0], "concat");
                        check_vector(args[1], "concat");
                        size_t* vec1 = (size_t*)(args[0]>>3);
                        size_t* vec2 = (size_t*)(args[1]>>3);
                        size_t new_size = vec1[1] + vec2[1];
                        size_t *vec = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*(new_size + 2));
                        vec[0] = 0x2F;
                        vec[1] = new_size;
                        for (int i = 0; i < vec1[1]; i++)
                            vec[i+2] = vec1[i+2];
                        for (int i = 0; i < vec2[1]; i++)
                            vec[vec1[1]+i+2] = vec1[i+2];
                        return ((((size_t)vec)<<3)|0x2);
                    }
                    closure _concat_closure = (closure){ _concat_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _with_meta_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 2, "with-meta");
                        check_vector(args[0], "with-meta");

                        size_t* og_vec = (size_t*)(args[0]>>3);
                        size_t *vec = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*(og_vec[1] + 2));
                        vec[0] = args[1];
                        vec[1] = og_vec[1];
                        for (int i = 0; i < og_vec[1]; i++)
                            vec[i+2] = og_vec[i+2];
                        return ((((size_t)vec)<<3)|0x2);
                    }
                    closure _with_meta_closure = (closure){ _with_meta_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _meta_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 1, "meta");
                        check_vector(args[0], "meta");

                        return ((size_t*)(args[0]>>3))[0];
                    }
                    closure _meta_closure = (closure){ _meta_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _throw_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 1, "throw");
                        current_exception_value = args[0];
                        longjmp(*current_exception_handler, 1);
                    }
                    closure _throw_closure = (closure){ _throw_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _apply_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        if (num < 2) {fprintf(stderr, "apply: expected num params to be >= 2\n"); exit(1);}
                        check_function(args[0], "apply");
                        check_vector(args[num-1], "apply");

                        closure* func = (closure*)(args[0]>>3);
                        size_t* args_vec = (size_t*)(args[num-1]>>3);
                        size_t num_params = (num-2) + args_vec[1];
                        size_t* params = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*num_params);
                        for (int i = 0; i < (num-2); i++) {
                            params[i] = args[i+1];
                        }
                        for (int i = 0; i < args_vec[1]; i++) {
                            params[(num-2)+i] = args_vec[i+2];
                        }
                        size_t to_ret = func->func(func->data, num_params, params);
                        free(params);
                        return to_ret;
                    }
                    closure _apply_closure = (closure){ _apply_impl, NULL};

                    size_t _count_impl(size_t* _, size_t num, size_t* args) {
                        check_num_params(num, 1, "count");
                        check_vector(args[0], "count");
                        size_t* args_vec = (size_t*)(args[0]>>3);
                        return (args_vec[1] << 3);
                    }
                    closure _count_closure = (closure){ _count_impl, NULL};

                    """ //"
                    var main_s = str("int main(int argc, char** argv) {\n")
                    var main_body = str()
                    var inner_main = compile(&top_decs, &top_defs, &main_s, &main_body, f.env, *f.body)
                    main_s += main_body;
                    main_s += "size_t main_to_ret = " + inner_main + ";\n"
                    main_s += "check_int(main_to_ret, \"main return\");\n"
                    main_s += "return (main_to_ret)>>3;\n}\n"
                    write_file(str(argv[1]) + ".c", top_decs + top_defs + main_s)
                    println("Finished compile")
                    return 0
                }
            }
            error("Main not a k' function")
        } else {
            println("No main function to compile, exiting")
        }
    } else {
        env->set(str("*ARGV*"), malVector(params))
        rep(grammer, env, str("(println (str \"Mal [\" *host-language* \"]\"))"))
        while (true) {
            var line = get_line(str("user> "), 1024)
            if (line == "***EOF***")
                break
            println(rep(grammer, env, line))
        }
    }
}
var tmp_idx: int = 0
fun new_tmp(): str {
    tmp_idx += 1
    return str("x") + tmp_idx
}
fun find_closed_vars(defined: set<str>, env: *Env, ast: MalValue): set<str> {
    match (ast.internal) {
        MalValue_int::Vector(l) {
            /*println("Find closed vars list")*/
            if (l.get().size == 0) {
                return set<str>()
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("def!")) {
                /*println("Find closed vars in def!")*/
                defined.add(l.get()[1].get_symbol_text())
                /*return find_closed_vars(defined, env, l[2])*/
                var to_ret = find_closed_vars(defined, env, l.get()[2])
                /*println("end Find closed vars in def!")*/
                return to_ret
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("let*")) {
                var bindings = l.get()[1].get_vector_rc()
                var to_ret = set<str>()
                var new_env = new<Env>()->construct(env)
                for (var i = 0; i < bindings.get().size; i+=2;) {
                    defined.add(bindings.get()[i].get_symbol_text())
                    new_env->set(bindings.get()[i].get_symbol_text(), malNil())
                    to_ret += find_closed_vars(defined, new_env, bindings.get()[i+1])
                }
                return to_ret + find_closed_vars(defined, new_env, l.get()[2])
            } else if l.get()[0].is_symbol("do") || l.get()[0].is_symbol("if") {
                var to_ret = set<str>()
                for (var i = 1; i < l.get().size; i++;) {
                    to_ret += find_closed_vars(defined, env, l.get()[i])
                }
                return to_ret
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("fn*")) {
                /*println("Find closed vars fn*")*/
                var f = EVAL(env, ast)
                /*return find_closed_vars(defined, env, get_value(f))*/
                var to_ret =  find_closed_vars(defined, env, get_value(f))
                /*println("end find closed vars fn*")*/
                return to_ret
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("quote")) {
                return set<str>()
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("quasiquote")) {
                return find_closed_vars(defined, env, quasiquote(l.get()[1]))
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("macroexpand")) {
                error("macroexpand doesn't make sense while finding closed vars")
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("try*")) {
                error("finding closed vars in try* unimplemented")
            } else {
                var to_ret = set<str>()
                for (var i = 0; i < l.get().size; i++;) {
                    to_ret += find_closed_vars(defined, env, l.get()[i])
                }
                return to_ret
            }
            /*println("end list")*/
        }
        MalValue_int::Symbol(s) {
            if !defined.contains(s) {
                var scope = env->find(s)
                // null scope should mean top level var
                if scope == null<Env>() {
                    /*error("Can't find " + s + " in env when trying to find closed_vars\n" + env->to_string())*/
                    return set<str>()
                }
                // don't do for top level vars
                if scope->outer != null<Env>() {
                    return set(s)
                }
            }
            return set<str>()
        }
        MalValue_int::Int(i) {
            return set<str>()
        }
        MalValue_int::Nil() {
            return set<str>()
        }
        MalValue_int::True() {
            return set<str>()
        }
        MalValue_int::False() {
            return set<str>()
        }
        MalValue_int::String(s) {
            return set<str>()
        }
        MalValue_int::Function(f) {
            var new_env = new<Env>()->construct(env)
            for (var i = 0; i < f.parameters.size; i++;) {
                new_env->set(f.parameters[i], malNil())
            }
            /*println("Find closed vars going inside function:\n" + new_env->to_string())*/
            /*return find_closed_vars(defined.union(from_vector(f.parameters)), new_env, *f.body)*/
            var to_ret = find_closed_vars(defined.union(from_vector(f.parameters)), new_env, *f.body)
            /*println("coming out of function")*/
            return to_ret
        }
    }
    error("Can't get closure_vars for " + pr_str(ast, true))
}
fun c_legal(s: ref str): str {
    var to_ret = str()
    for (var i = 0; i < s.length(); i++;) {
        if s[i] == '!' {
            to_ret += "_bang_"
        } else if s[i] == '-' {
            to_ret += "_dash_"
        } else if s[i] == '+' {
            to_ret += "_plus_"
        } else if s[i] == '*' {
            to_ret += "_star_"
        } else if s[i] == '/' {
            to_ret += "_div_"
        } else if s[i] == '=' {
            to_ret += "_eq_"
        } else if s[i] == '>' {
            to_ret += "_gt_"
        } else if s[i] == '<' {
            to_ret += "_lt_"
        } else {
            to_ret += s[i]
        }
    }
    return to_ret
}
fun compile_value(top_decs: *str, top_defs: *str, main_init: *str, defs: *str, env: *Env, ast: MalValue, quoted: bool): str {
    match (ast.internal) {
        MalValue_int::Nil() {
            return str("0x2F")
        }
        MalValue_int::True() {
            return str("0x9F")
        }
        MalValue_int::False() {
            return str("0x1F")
        }
        MalValue_int::BuiltinFunction(f) {
            if (f.name == "+") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_plus_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "-") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_minus_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "*") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_mult_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "/") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_div_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "=") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_eq_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "<") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_lt_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "<=") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_lte_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == ">") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_gt_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == ">=") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_gte_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "print") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_print_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "println") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_println_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "vector") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_vector_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "nth") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_nth_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "set-nth!") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_set_nth_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "throw") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_throw_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "with-meta") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_with_meta_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "meta") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_meta_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "cons") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_cons_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "concat") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_concat_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "apply") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_apply_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            } else if (f.name == "count") {
                return str("((((size_t)&_count_closure)<<3)|0x6)")
            }
            error("cannot yet compile builtin function: " + f.name)
        }
        MalValue_int::Function(f) {
            var fun_name = "fun_" + new_tmp()
            *top_decs += "size_t " + fun_name + "(size_t*, size_t, size_t*);\n"
            var function = "size_t " + fun_name + "(size_t* closed_vars, size_t num, size_t* args) {\n"
            if f.is_variadic {
                function += str("check_num_params_at_least(num, ") + (f.parameters.size-1) + ", \"lambda\");\n"
            } else {
                function += str("check_num_params(num, ") + f.parameters.size + ", \"lambda\");\n"
            }
            var new_env = new<Env>()->construct(env)
            for (var i = 0; i < f.parameters.size; i++;) {
                if f.is_variadic && i == f.parameters.size-1 {
                    function += "size_t* " + f.parameters[i] + "_raw = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*(2+(num-" + (f.parameters.size-1) + ")));\n"
                    function += f.parameters[i] + "_raw[0] = 0x2F;\n"
                    function += f.parameters[i] + "_raw[1] = (num-" + (f.parameters.size-1) + ");\n"
                    function += str() + "for (int i = 0; i < (num-" + (f.parameters.size-1) + "); i++) {\n"
                    function += f.parameters[i] + "_raw[i+2] = args[i+" + (f.parameters.size-1) + "];\n"
                    function += "}\n"
                    function += "size_t " + f.parameters[i] + " = ((((size_t)" + f.parameters[i] + "_raw)<<3)|0x2);\n"
                } else {
                    function += "size_t " + f.parameters[i] + " = args[" + i + "];\n"
                }
                new_env->set(f.parameters[i], malNil())
            }
            var closed_vars = find_closed_vars(set<str>(), new_env, ast)
            for (var i = 0; i < closed_vars.data.size; i++;) {
                function += "size_t " + closed_vars.data[i] + " = closed_vars[" + i + "];\n"
            }
            var inner_value = compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, &function, new_env, *f.body)
            function += "return " + inner_value + ";\n}\n"
            *top_defs += function
            *defs += "closure* " + fun_name + "_closure = malloc(sizeof(closure));\n"
            *defs += fun_name + "_closure->func = " + fun_name + ";\n"


            if closed_vars.data.size > 0 {
                *defs += fun_name + "_closure->data = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*" + closed_vars.data.size + ");\n"
                for (var i = 0; i < closed_vars.data.size; i++;) {
                    *defs += fun_name + "_closure->data[" + i + "] = " + closed_vars.data[i] + ";\n"
                }
            } else {
                *defs += fun_name + "_closure->data = NULL;\n"
            }
            return "((((size_t)"+fun_name+"_closure)<<3)|0x6)"
        }
        MalValue_int::Symbol(s) {
            if quoted {
                var val_name = "sym_" + new_tmp()
                *defs += "size_t *" + val_name + " = malloc(sizeof(size_t)+sizeof(char)*" + (s.length()+1) +");\n"
                *defs += "*" + val_name + " = " + s.length() + ";\n"
                *defs += "strcpy(((char*)(" + val_name + "+1)), \"" + s + "\");\n"
                return "((((size_t)" + val_name + ")<<3)|0x5)"
            } else {
                var c_legal_s = c_legal(s)
                var e = env->find(s);
                if e != null<Env>() && e->outer == null<Env>() {
                    /*println(s + " found in outer-est scope!")*/
                    var v = e->get(s)
                    e->remove(s)
                    var x = str()
                    var value = compile_value(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, &x, e, get_value(v), true)
                    *top_decs += "size_t " + c_legal_s + ";\n"
                    *main_init += x
                    *main_init += c_legal_s + " = " + value + ";\n"
                }
                return c_legal_s
            }
        }
        MalValue_int::String(s) {
            var val_name = "str_" + new_tmp()
            *defs += "size_t *" + val_name + " = malloc(sizeof(size_t)+sizeof(char)*" + (s.length()+1) +");\n"
            *defs += "*" + val_name + " = " + s.length() + ";\n"
            *defs += "strcpy(((char*)(" + val_name + "+1)), \"" + s + "\");\n"
            return "((((size_t)" + val_name + ")<<3)|0x3)"
        }
        MalValue_int::Vector(l) {
            var call_str = str("_vector_impl(NULL, ") + l.get().size + ", (size_t[]){ "
            for (var i = 0; i < l.get().size; i++;) {
                if i != 0 {
                    call_str += ", "
                }
                if quoted {
                    call_str += compile_value(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[i], true)
                } else {
                    call_str += compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[i])
                }
            }
            call_str += "})"
            if ast.meta != null<MalValue>() {
                var meta_value = compile_value(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, *ast.meta, true)
                var for_meta = "for_meta_" + new_tmp()
                *defs += "size_t " + for_meta + " = " + call_str + ";\n"
                *defs += "((size_t*)(" + for_meta + ">>3))[0] = " + meta_value + ";\n"
                return for_meta
            } else {
                return call_str
            }
        }
        MalValue_int::Int(i) {
            return to_string(i<<3)
        }
    }
    error("could not compile value: " + pr_str(ast, true))
}
fun compile(top_decs: *str, top_defs: *str, main_init: *str, defs: *str, env: *Env, ast: MalValue): str {
    var expanded = macroexpand(ast, env)
    if (is_err(expanded)) {
        error("compile error in macroexpand: " + pr_str(get_err(expanded), true))
    }
    ast = get_value(expanded)
    if !ast.is_vector() {
        return compile_value(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, ast, false)
    }
    match (ast.internal) {
        MalValue_int::Vector(l) {
            if (l.get().size == 0) {
                return compile_value(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, ast, false)
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("def!")) {
                if (l.get().size != 3) {
                    error("def! without exaclty key and value")
                }
                if (!l.get()[1].is_symbol()) {
                    error("def! not on symbol")
                }
                if env->outer != null<Env>() {
                    error("def! not at top level")
                }
                var to_set_name = l.get()[1].get_symbol_text()
                var to_set_value = compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[2])
                *defs += "size_t " + to_set_name + " = " + to_set_value + ";\n"
                return to_set_name
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("defmacro!")) {
                error("defmacro! doesn't make sense in compiled code")
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("let*")) {
                if (l.get().size != 3) {
                    error("let* without list of bindings & end value")
                }
                if (!l.get()[1].is_vector()) {
                    error("let* without list of bindings")
                }
                var bindings = l.get()[1].get_vector_rc()
                if (bindings.get().size & 1 != 0) {
                    error("let* list of bindings has odd number of entries")
                }
                var let_val = new_tmp()
                *defs += "size_t " + let_val + ";\n{\n"
                var new_env = new<Env>()->construct(env)
                for (var i = 0; i < bindings.get().size; i+=2;) {
                    if (!bindings.get()[i].is_symbol()) {
                        error("let* var name not symbol")
                    }
                    var to_set_value = compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, new_env, bindings.get()[i+1])
                    *defs += "size_t " + bindings.get()[i].get_symbol_text() + " = " + to_set_value + ";\n"
                    new_env->set(bindings.get()[i].get_symbol_text(), malNil())
                }
                *defs += let_val + " = " + compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, new_env, l.get()[2]) + ";\n}\n"
                return let_val
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("do")) {
                for (var i = 1; i < l.get().size-1; i++;) {
                    var value_possible_side_effect = compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[i])
                    *defs += value_possible_side_effect + ";\n"
                }
                return compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[l.get().size-1])
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("if")) {
                if l.get().size != 3 && l.get().size != 4 {
                    error("if needs 2 or 3 children")
                }
                var cond = compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[1])
                var tmp_name = new_tmp()
                *defs += "size_t " + tmp_name + "; if (" + cond + " != 0x1F) {\n"
                var then = compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[2])
                *defs += tmp_name + " = " + then + ";\n} else {\n"
                var else_ = compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[3])
                *defs += tmp_name + " = " + else_ + ";\n}\n"
                return tmp_name
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("fn*")) {
                var f = EVAL(env, ast)
                return compile_value(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, get_value(f), false)
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("quote")) {
                if l.get().size == 1 {
                    error("compile quote with no arguments")
                }
                return compile_value(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[1], true)
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("quasiquote")) {
                if l.get().size == 1 {
                    error("compile quasiquote with no arguments")
                }
                return compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, quasiquote(l.get()[1]))
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("macroexpand")) {
                error("macroexpand doesn't make sense while compiling")
            } else if (l.get()[0].is_symbol("try*")) {
                var tmp_name = new_tmp()
                var tmp_exception_name = new_tmp()
                var tmp_new_exception_name = new_tmp()
                *defs += "size_t " + tmp_name + " = 0;\n"
                *defs += "jmp_buf *" + tmp_exception_name + " = current_exception_handler;\n"
                *defs += "jmp_buf " + tmp_new_exception_name + ";\n"
                *defs += "current_exception_handler = &" + tmp_new_exception_name + ";\n"
                *defs += "if (!setjmp(*current_exception_handler)) {\n"
                *defs += tmp_name + " = " + compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[1]) + ";\n"
                *defs += "} else {\n"
                if l.get().size == 3 {
                    var catch = l.get()[2].get_vector_rc()
                    if catch.get().size != 3 || !catch.get()[0].is_symbol("catch*") || !catch.get()[1].is_symbol() {
                        error("catch* block malformed")
                    }
                    var new_env = new<Env>()->construct(env)
                    new_env->set(catch.get()[1].get_symbol_text(), malNil())
                    *defs += "size_t " + catch.get()[1].get_symbol_text() + " = current_exception_value;\n"
                    *defs += tmp_name + " = " + compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, new_env, catch.get()[2]) + ";\n"
                } else {
                    *defs += tmp_name + " = current_exception_value;\n";
                }
                *defs += "}\n"
                *defs += "current_exception_handler = " + tmp_exception_name + ";\n"
                return tmp_name
            } else {
                var to_call = vec<str>()
                for (var i = 0; i < l.get().size; i++;) {
                    to_call.add(compile(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, l.get()[i]))
                }
                var func_name = new_tmp()
                *defs += "size_t " + func_name + "_r = " + to_call[0] + ";\n"
                *defs += "check_function(" + func_name + "_r, \"trying to call\");\n";
                *defs +=  "closure* " + func_name + " = (closure*)(" + func_name + "_r>>3);\n"
                var params_name = new_tmp()
                *defs += "size_t " + params_name + "_params[] = {"+str(", ").join(to_call.slice(1,-1))+"};\n"
                return func_name + "->func(" + func_name + "->data, " + to_string(l.get().size-1) + ", " + params_name + "_params)"
            }
        }
    }
    return compile_value(top_decs, top_defs, main_init, defs, env, ast, false)
}