Added pointers, references, and dynamic memory allocation to manual
This commit is contained in:
ChrisFadden
@@ -9,22 +9,22 @@
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Memory Management}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Pointers}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}References}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}Dynamic Memory Allocation}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Classes}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Constructors}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2}Operator Overloading}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3}Inheritance}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Templates}{3}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Standard Library}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.1}Import Statements}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2}Vector}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3}String}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4}Regex}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5}Util}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6}Data Structures}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.1}Stack}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.2}Queue}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.3}Set}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.4}Map}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9}Understanding Kraken Errors}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10}C Passthrough}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}Dynamic Memory Allocation}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Classes}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Constructors}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2}Operator Overloading}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3}Inheritance}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Templates}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Standard Library}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.1}Import Statements}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2}Vector}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3}String}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4}Regex}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5}Util}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6}Data Structures}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.1}Stack}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.2}Queue}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.3}Set}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.4}Map}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9}Understanding Kraken Errors}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10}C Passthrough}{5}}
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.14 (MiKTeX 2.9) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2015.9.2) 26 NOV 2015 16:38
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This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.14 (MiKTeX 2.9) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2015.9.2) 26 NOV 2015 18:56
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entering extended mode
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**Manual.tex
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(C:\Users\Chris\Documents\GitHub\kraken\doc\Manual.tex
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@@ -234,24 +234,48 @@ Overfull \hbox (39.0039pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 150--152
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[3] [4] (C:\Users\Chris\Documents\GitHub\kraken\doc\Manual.aux) )
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File: omlptm.fd
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)
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[4] [5] (C:\Users\Chris\Documents\GitHub\kraken\doc\Manual.aux) )
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Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
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3263 strings out of 493921
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6539 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+200000
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33i,6n,60p,335b,1580s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,50000s
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{C:/Program Fi
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Output written on Manual.pdf (4 pages, 61161 bytes).
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Output written on Manual.pdf (5 pages, 75691 bytes).
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PDF statistics:
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32 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
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@@ -158,8 +158,45 @@ optional after declarations.
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\section{Memory Management}
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\subsection{Pointers}
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Pointers in kraken work like they do in C. The notation is the
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{\bf{*}} symbol. This is a dereference operator. This means that it
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operates on a pointer, and gives the variable pointed to. For
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instance:
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\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
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var B: *int = 4; //B is a pointer to an integer 4
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*B = 3; //B is now equal to 3
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print(B); //would print an address, like "0xFFA3"
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\end{lstlisting}
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\subsection{References}
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References are a way to create "automatic" pointers. If a function
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takes in a reference, the variable is passed by reference, instead of by
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value. This means that no copy of the variable is made, and any changes
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made to the variable in the function will remain after the end of the
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function. References also allow left-handed assignment. This means that
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an array indexed on the left hand of an equal sign can have its value
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changed.
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\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
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fun RefFunction(arg1: ref int): ref int{
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return arg1 + 1;
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}
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var a = 6;
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var b = RefFunction(a);
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println(a); //a is now equal to 6
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println(b); //b is now equal to 6
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RefFunction(b) = 15;
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println(b); //b is now equal to 15
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\end{lstlisting}
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\subsection{Dynamic Memory Allocation}
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In order to allocate memory on the heap instead of the stack, dynamic
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memory allocation must be used. The data must be explicitly allocated with
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the {\bf{new}} keyword, and deleted with the {\bf{delete}} keyword. The
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size in both instances must be provided.
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\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
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var data = new<int>(8); //Allocate 8 integers on the heap
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delete(data,8); //Free the memory when its no longer used.
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\end{lstlisting}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% SECTION Classes
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