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Merge branch 'master' of github.com:Limvot/kraken

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Nathan Braswell
2015-12-01 16:19:52 -05:00
parent 6ee7462a70 02c77049b3
commit 53562aaad7
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doc/Manual.aux
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Compiling}{1}}
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\newlabel{sec:var}{{2}{1}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Variable Declaration}{2}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Templates}{2}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Standard Library}{2}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Understanding Kraken Errors}{2}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Answers to Definitions}{2}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Input and Output}{2}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Memory Management}{3}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Pointers}{3}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}References}{3}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}Dynamic Memory Allocation}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Constructors}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.1}Import Statements}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3}String}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4}Regex}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5}Util}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.6}Data Structures}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.1}Stack}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.2}Queue}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.3}Set}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.6.4}Map}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9}Understanding Kraken Errors}{5}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10}C Passthrough}{5}}

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\usepackage{amsmath} % Required for some math elements
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\alph{enumi}.} % Make numbering in the enumerate environment by letter rather than number (e.g. section 6)
\usepackage{times} % Uncomment to use the Times New Roman font
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{color}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% DOCUMENT INFORMATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -92,20 +93,110 @@ optional after declarations.
% SECTION 2: Functions
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Functions}
Section func
\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
fun FunctionName(arg1 : arg1_type, arg2 : arg2_type) : returnType {
var result = arg1 + arg2;
return result;
}
\end{lstlisting}
Functions are declared using the {\bf{fun}} keyword. If you pass in
variables as shown, there will be passed by value, not by reference.
Therefore if you pass a variable in, it will not be modified outside the
function.
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION I/O
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Input and Output}
In order to print to a terminal or file, the {\bf{io}} library must be
imported. There are a few different functions you can use to print to the
terminal.
The print() function will print out to the terminal without a newline
character. Like java, there is a println() function that will print whatever
you pass in, as well as a newline. There are also functions that can print
colors in a unix terminal. The color will continue when you print until
you call the function Reset().
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}{BoldRed()}}
\item {\color{green}{BoldGreen()}}
\item {\color{yellow}{BoldYellow()}}
\item {\color{blue}{BoldBlue()}}
\item {\color{magenta}{BoldMagneta()}}
\item {\color{cyan}{BoldCyan()}}
\end{enumerate}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
io::print(3.2); //print without a newline character
io::println(varA); //print variable A with a newline character
io::BoldRed();
io::println("This line is printed Red");
io::Reset();
io::println("This line is printed black");
\end{lstlisting}
You can also use kraken to read and write to files. The functions are as
follows:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
//returns true if file exists
var ifExists = io::file_exists("/usr/bin/clang");
//read file into string
var fileString = io::read_file("~/Documents/file.txt");
//write a string to the file
io::write_file("/",SteamString);
//read file into vector of chars
var charVec = io::read_file_binary("~/Documents/file2.txt");
//write a vector of chars to a file
io::write_file_binary("/",md5checkSum);
\end{lstlisting}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION Memory Management
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Memory Management}
\subsection{Pointers}
Pointers in kraken work like they do in C. The notation is the
{\bf{*}} symbol. This is a dereference operator. This means that it
operates on a pointer, and gives the variable pointed to. For
instance:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
var B: *int = 4; //B is a pointer to an integer 4
*B = 3; //B is now equal to 3
print(B); //would print an address, like "0xFFA3"
\end{lstlisting}
\subsection{References}
References are a way to create "automatic" pointers. If a function
takes in a reference, the variable is passed by reference, instead of by
value. This means that no copy of the variable is made, and any changes
made to the variable in the function will remain after the end of the
function. References also allow left-handed assignment. This means that
an array indexed on the left hand of an equal sign can have its value
changed.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
fun RefFunction(arg1: ref int): ref int{
return arg1 + 1;
}
var a = 6;
var b = RefFunction(a);
println(a); //a is now equal to 6
println(b); //b is now equal to 6
RefFunction(b) = 15;
println(b); //b is now equal to 15
\end{lstlisting}
\subsection{Dynamic Memory Allocation}
In order to allocate memory on the heap instead of the stack, dynamic
memory allocation must be used. The data must be explicitly allocated with
the {\bf{new}} keyword, and deleted with the {\bf{delete}} keyword. The
size in both instances must be provided.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++]
var data = new<int>(8); //Allocate 8 integers on the heap
delete(data,8); //Free the memory when its no longer used.
\end{lstlisting}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION Classes